Map of Europe in Polish. Map of Poland in Russian

Detailed map of Poland in Russian online. Satellite map of Poland with cities and resorts, roads, streets and houses. Poland on the world map is a state in central Europe, the capital is the city of Warsaw. The official language is Polish.

Poland - Wikipedia

Population of Poland: 38,422,346 people (2017)
Capital of Poland: Warsaw city
Largest cities in Poland: Warsaw, Krakow, Wroclaw, Lodz, Poznan
Poland telephone code: 48
National domain of Poland: .pl

Maps of cities in Poland.

Sights of Poland:

What to see in Poland: Old Town of Warsaw, Tatra Mountains, Wawel Castle, Old Town of Krakow, Wooden churches of the south of Lesser Poland, Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum in Oswiecim, Old Town in Gdańsk, Masurian Lake District, Statue of Christ the King, Slowinski National Park, Wieliczka Salt Mine, Wilanów Palace, Wrocław Cathedral, Lazienki Park, Old Town of Zamość, Architectural and Park Complex of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, Churches of Peace, Muskau Park, Ksiaz Castle, Bieszczady National Park, Moszno Castle, Hill of Crosses Grabarka, Jasna Gora, Old Town in Torun, Old Powązki, Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul, Zoo Gdańsk-Oliwa, Giant Mountains National Park, Royal Castle on Wawel Hill, Zakopane Ski Resort, Royal Route and Royal Castle in Warsaw, Salt Mine, Order Castle Marienburg.

Relief of Poland: Almost the entire territory of the country is occupied by lowland and hilly terrain, but there is also a mountainous region in the south, where the Carpathian mountain range stretches. In the north, Poland is washed by the Baltic Sea, the coast of which has fairly wide sandy beaches. Poland is also rich in lakes; there are at least 9 thousand of them in the country. Most of the territory is occupied by protected forests and parks - there are 22 of them in Poland. Among them is part of the protected Belovezhskaya Pushcha.

Climate of Poland considered unstable and varies by region. The average summer temperature in the country is + 20 C, winter – 2 C below zero. The warmest and driest climate is in the central part of the country.

In terms of attractions, each Polish city is interesting in its own way. Each of them has its own architectural style. Most cities have preserved old buildings and historical monuments. Each city is interesting in its own way. For example, Warsaw has 42 museums, most of which are definitely worth a visit. It is considered the most beautiful city Krakow, former capital of Poland. It is attractive for its architecture, as well as such memorable historical places as the Royal Road, the market, Wawel and others.

Many architectural monuments of Poland are located in cities that once belonged to the Teutonic Order. These are Melbork, Frombork, Golub-Dobrzyn and others. They not only house citadels and palaces that have survived to this day, but also host various cultural events, knightly tournaments and fairs.

Poland attracts tourists with various types of tourism. You can relax in the summer on the sandy beaches of the Baltic coast, spend a holiday in picturesque lake districts, engage in ecotourism or go skiing in ski resorts such as Karpacz, Krynica or Zakopane.

The Republic of Poland is a Baltic state located in the center of Europe. The northern part of the state faces the Baltic coast. In the northeast, Poland shares land borders with Russia and Lithuania. The Bug, the most abundant tributary of Poland's main river, is a fairly long eastern border of the country on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. The land border between Poland and Ukraine passes through the Ukrainian Carpathians. Slovakia and the Czech Republic are countries with which Poland has a southern mountain border running along the Sudeten and Carpathian ranges. In the West, the state borders on Germany along the Oder and Neisse rivers.

The largest waterways in Poland are the Vistula, Oder, and their tributaries and cross the country from south to north. In a relatively small area in the south, water flows into the Danube and Dniester, and in the northeast - into the Neman. The length of the state, which ranks 9th in size in Europe, from north to south is 649 km, from east to west – 689 km. The total area of ​​the country is 312,683 square meters. km.

The Republic of Poland is a state in Central Europe. Borders with , . From the north, Poland is washed by the Baltic Sea. Area - 312,679 sq. km, population - about 39 million people, capital - Warsaw.

The relief of Poland is varied - low-lying in the north and in the center. On the Baltic coast there are wide sandy beaches. In the west and north, in forested and hilly areas, there are thousands of lakes, the area of ​​the largest of which (Snyardwy) is 113 square meters. km. In the south of Poland there are mountains and hills. Mount Śnieżka, with a height of 1,603 m, is the highest point of the Sudetenland, and in the Tatras, the highest peak in Poland is Mount Ryś (2,499 m). Forest areas and numerous rivers are also typical for Poland, among which the two largest stand out - the Vistula and Odra.

The fauna of Poland is diverse. The forests are inhabited by lynxes, elk, wild boars, wild cats, deer, and bison. In the mountains you can meet wolves and bears.

The climate is mild, formed under the influence of sea air masses. In summer, westerly winds bring coolness and rain to Poland, and in winter - snowfall. Heat comes from the east in summer and frost in winter. In July the average is +18 °C, in January −4 °C. The amount of precipitation depends on the altitude of the area above sea level. Minimal amounts (up to 500 mm) fall in the Gulf of Gdańsk, the Lesser Poland Lowland, and parts of the Vistula Valley. In the south, in mountainous areas, maximum precipitation falls - up to 1,800 mm. The Polish climate is characterized by frosts in May, late autumn and early spring.

(Republic of Poland)

General information

Geographical position. Poland is a state in Central Europe. In the north it borders with Russia, in the east with Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine, in the south with the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and in the west with Germany. In the north it is washed by the Baltic Sea.

Square. The territory of Poland is 312,685 square meters. km.

Main cities, administrative divisions. The capital of Poland is Warsaw. The largest cities: Warsaw (2,316 thousand people), Lodz (842 thousand people), Krakow (751 thousand people), Wroclaw (644 thousand people), Poznan (589 thousand people). Administratively, Poland is divided into 16 voivodeships.

Political system

Poland is a republic. The head of state is the president, the head of government is the prime minister. The legislative body is the National Assembly, consisting of the Senate and the Sejm.

Relief. Poland is a largely flat country without much elevation change (average altitude above sea level is about 175 m), with Mount Rysy in the High Tatras in the south rising to a height of 2499 m.

Poland is divided into several physical-geographical regions, located from east to west. The Northern Zone is a vast region of plains and low hills: the Central Polish Upland, the Baltic Upland and the Coastal Plain. The Central Plain runs from east to west and is intersected by several rivers and valleys; to the north of the Central Highlands is the Baltic Upland, covered with numerous lakes. A narrow coastal plain, 40 to 100 km wide, stretches along the entire length of the Baltic coast. The southern zone is more mountainous: in the extreme south and southwest there are several mountain systems: the Western Carpathians, the High Tatras and the Beskids. In the southwest are the Sudetes, whose altitude reaches 1600 m. To the north of the mountain ranges lies the Silesian Plain.

Geological structure and minerals. On the territory of Poland there are deposits of coal, natural gas, copper, silver, and lead.

The climate of Poland has features of both temperate and continental. The climate of the coast can be described as moderately maritime, in the eastern part of the country it is moderately continental. The average January temperature in different regions of the country ranges from -1 °C to -5 °C. In summer, the average temperature ranges from +20°C in the southeast to +17°C in the Baltic.

Inland waters. Almost all rivers in Poland belong to the Baltic Sea basin. The main rivers of the country: Vistula and Oder (Odra). There are about 9,300 lakes in Poland.

Soils and vegetation. Forests cover about 28% of Poland's territory, with about 80% of all forests being coniferous. Rare tree species grow in the northeast: dwarf birch and Lappa willow. One of the best preserved wild forests is the Belovezha National Park on the border with Belarus.

Animal world. Fauna representatives include lynx, wild cat, elk, wild boar, deer and bison, or European bison. Deer and elk are found in Masuria. In mountainous areas there are wolves and brown bears.

Population and language

The country's population is about 38.607 million people, the average population density is about 123 people per 1 sq. km. The southern part of the country is the most densely populated, the northwestern and northeastern parts the least densely populated. Ethnic groups: Poles - 97.6%, Germans - 1.3%, Ukrainians - 0.6%, Belarusians - 0.5%, Slovaks, Czechs, Lithuanians, Gypsies, Jews.

The official language is Polish; There are also several dialects based on the Polish language.

Religion

Catholics - 95%), Orthodox (about 570 thousand believers), Lutherans (about 100 thousand believers), Jehovah's Witnesses (about 100 thousand believers); Before World War II, about 3.5 million Jews lived in Poland; now there are about 1,000 Jews in the country.

Brief historical sketch

In 840, the first Polish state was formed under the legendary King Piast, founder of the Piast dynasty.

In the 10th century - King Mieszko converted to Christianity.

In 1025, the Polish king Boleslav was recognized by the Pope.

In the middle of the 13th century. Teutonic knights came to the north of modern Poland and carried out a brutal colonization of the Baltic lands.

In 1386, Grand Duke Jagiello of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania married Queen Jadwiga of Poland, was crowned Wladyslaw II Jagiello, and became the founder of the second dynasty of Polish kings. During the reign of the Jagiellon dynasty, Poland reached its greatest prosperity.

In 1410, the combined troops of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeated the Teutonic Knights in the historical Battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg).

In the 18th century Three partitions of Poland took place, as a result of which most of the state came under the rule of the Russian Empire.

In the 19th century Poland tried to achieve independence through uprisings. In November 1918 An independent Polish state was proclaimed. September 1, 1939 Poland is occupied by German troops. At the beginning of 1945 the country was liberated.

In 1980, after 35 years of communist rule, the independent trade union Solidarity demanded free elections. The government introduced martial law, and General Wojciech Jaruzelski became the head of the country.

On April 5, 1989, an agreement was reached between the government and the opposition to hold free elections, which were held on June 4. The communists were actually removed from power, and the leader of the Solidarity trade union, Lech Walesa, was elected president of the country.

In 1995, as a result of elections, leftist forces came to power in Poland, but did not abandon the reforms of their predecessors.

Brief Economic Sketch

Poland is an industrial-agrarian country. Extraction of hard and brown coal, natural gas, sulfur, lead and zinc. Of the manufacturing industries, the greatest development has been achieved in mechanical engineering, especially transport (sea vessels, cars, wagons, etc.), agricultural, electrical and radio electronics, production of industrial equipment, as well as chemical (fertilizers, chemical fibers, plastics), oil refining, ferrous metallurgy . The textile, clothing, food, leather and footwear, furniture, cement, and glass industries are developed. Individual farms predominate in agriculture. Main crops: potatoes, rye, as well as barley and wheat; sugar beet. They grow vegetables, fruits, and berries. Fishing. Export: cars, coal, rolled metal, non-ferrous metals, chemicals, light and food industry products.

The monetary unit is zloty.

Brief sketch of culture

Art and architecture. Warsaw. National Museum with a rich collection of Polish and Western European paintings, a collection of exhibits from antiquity and the times of ancient Egypt, a special hall of Faros frescoes from one of the first Christian churches of Pharos; Old Town in Renaissance and Baroque style; Bar Bican - medieval walls and towers surrounding the Old Town; Lazienki is the summer palace of King Stanisław II Augustus (18th century), in Lazienki Park there is a monument to Chopin and a magnificent rose garden; Gothic Cathedral of St. Yana (XIV century); Church of the Holy Cross (XVI century); Natural History Museum; Technical Museum; Museum of the Polish Army; State Archaeological Museum; Royal Castle Museum, Krakow. National Museum and State Wawel Art Collection; Wawel Castle of the 13th century; Cathedral of St. Stanisław (1359), in which many Polish kings were crowned and the tombs of King John III Sobieski, Tadeusz Kosciuszko, Adam Mickiewicz, Jozef Piłsudski are located; Church of St. Mary, built in 1223, which contains an altar by the famous master Bait Stos; “Dragon Cave”, where the most famous dragon in Poland lived. Lodz. Museum of Archeology and Ethnography. Gdansk Church of St. Mary (1343-1505), which contains Hans Memling's painting "The Last Judgment"; Gothic town hall, stock exchange building, built in 1379; Old city; Polish Maritime Museum. Bialystok. White Church and Orthodox Cathedral. Torun. Old town in Gothic style; town hall XIII - XIV centuries; remains of a castle of the Teutonic Knights (1231); a large number of Gothic and Baroque mansions. Poznan. Gothic cathedral; 16th century town hall; Old city. Szczecin. Church of St. Peter and Paul (1124). Wroclaw. Church of St. John the Baptist (1158), Church of St. Elizabeth (XIII); Church of the Holy Cross (XIII-XIV); Church of the Virgin Mary (XIV); Gothic town hall of the 13th century; former royal palace. Częstochowa. The famous Catholic shrine of Jasna Góra; in the monastery there is a miraculous icon of the Mother of God of Czestochowa, also called the “Black Madonna”.

The science. N. Copernicus (1473-1543) - astronomer, creator of the heliocentric model of the world; 3. Vrublevsky (1845-1888) - author of research in the field of low temperature physics (production of liquid oxygen, etc.).

Literature. A. Mickiewicz (1798-1855) - poet, founder of Polish romanticism (collection “Poetry”, poems “Grazyna”, “Dziady”, “Konrad Wallenrod”, “Pan Tadeusz”); B. Prus (1847-1912) - writer, author of realistic stories, stories about a village (“Outpost”), socio-psychological novels (“Doll”, “Emancipated Women”), a historical novel about Ancient Egypt (“Pharaoh”); G. Sienkiewicz (1846-1916) - author of historical novels (“With Fire and Sword,” “The Flood,” “Pan Volodyevsky,” “Camo is Coming,” “Crusaders”); S. Zheromski (1864-1925) - author of historical (“Ashes”, “The Beauty of Life”) and socio-psychological (“Homeless”, “Spring Eve”) novels; S. Lem (b. 1921) is the author of numerous works in the genre of scientific and philosophical fiction (novels “Astronauts”, “Diary Found in a Bathtub”, “Solaris”, “Voice of Heaven”, “Runny Nose”, “Peace on Earth” , "Fiasco").

Music. M. Oginski (1765-1833) - composer, author of the opera “Zelida and Val-Cour, or Bonaparte in Cairo”, as well as military, patriotic songs, marches, piano pieces, including the polonaise “Farewell to the Motherland”; F. Chopin (1810-1849) - composer and pianist, the largest representative of Polish musical art, who reinterpreted many genres.