Inhalation method of administering medicinal substances. Advantages of modern inhalation therapy. Preparation for the procedure

Administration of the drug into the rectum (standard)

End of the procedure.

16. help the patient lie down in a comfortable position

17. take off your gloves

18. remove the screen

19. Explain to the patient that he must remain in a supine position for at least an hour

20. Disinfect the gas outlet tube and gloves

Target procedures: Administration of a drug into the rectum for local or resorptive action

Equipment: Janet pear-shaped balloon or syringe; gas outlet pipe; putty knife; petrolatum; medicine (50-100 ml), heated to 37-38°C; toilet paper; gloves; oilcloth; diaper; screen

Inhalation- a method of administering drugs by inhalation. You can inhale gases, easily evaporating liquids and finely dispersed substances (aerosols and powders).

Briefly from history: information about therapeutic inhalations is found in documents from ancient cultures such as China, India, Greece, Rome and the Middle East. Then they treated with aromatic fumes or vapors obtained from natural plant extracts or hot organic materials. Hippocrates was apparently the first to describe an inhaler, namely a damp clay pot for inhaling hot vapors. To this day, in some countries (China, India, etc.), the use of cigarettes as a means of inhalation therapy (anti-asthmatic cigarettes) continues.

Indications:

- acute and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, bronchi and lungs

Occupational diseases of the upper respiratory tract, bronchi and lungs

Tuberculosis of the upper respiratory tract and lungs

Acute and chronic diseases of the middle ear and paranasal sinuses

Bronchospasm in bronchial asthma

Bacillus carriage of the upper respiratory tract

Influenza and other acute upper respiratory tract infections

Hypertension stage 1 and 2.

Rectal route (per rectum)- administration of the drug through the anus into the ampulla of the rectum. This way, soft dosage forms (suppositories, ointments) or solutions (using microenemas) are administered. The substance is absorbed into the system of hemorrhoidal veins: upper, middle and lower. From the superior hemorrhoidal vein, the substance enters the portal vein system and passes through the liver, after which it enters the inferior vena cava. From the middle and inferior hemorrhoidal veins, the medicine enters directly into the inferior vena cava system, bypassing the liver. The rectal route of administration is often used in children of the first three years of life.

Sublingual (under the tongue) and subbucal (into the cavity between the gum and cheek) administration. In this way, solid dosage forms (tablets, powders), some liquid forms (solutions) and aerosols are administered. With these methods of administration, the drug is absorbed into the veins of the oral mucosa and then sequentially enters the superior vena cava, the right side of the heart and the pulmonary circulation. After this, the medicine is delivered to the left side of the heart and travels with arterial blood to the target organs.

Parenteral administration is a route of administration of a drug in which it enters the body bypassing the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract.

Inhalation administration- administration of a medicinal substance by inhalation of its vapors or tiny particles. Gases (nitrous oxide), volatile liquids, aerosols and powders are introduced through this route. The depth of introduction of aerosols depends on the size of the particles. Particles with a diameter of more than 60 microns settle in the pharynx and are swallowed into the stomach. Particles with a diameter of 40-20 µm penetrate the bronchioles, and particles with a diameter of 1 µm reach the alveoli. The medicine passes through the wall of the alveoli and bronchi and enters the capillary, then through the bloodstream it enters the left side of the heart and, through the arterial vessels, is delivered to the target organs.

Transdermal administration– application of a medicinal substance to the skin to ensure its systemic action. Use special ointments, creams or TTS (transdermal therapeutic systems - patches).

Local application. It involves the application of medication to the skin, mucous membranes of the eyes (conjunctiva), nose, larynx, and vagina in order to provide a high concentration of the drug at the site of application, usually without systemic action.

Inhalation route of administration is the introduction of drugs into the body by inhalation (through the respiratory tract - through the mouth, nose). By inhalation, gaseous substances (nitrous oxide, oxygen), vapors of volatile liquids (ether, fluorotane), aerosols (a suspension of tiny particles of solutions of medicinal substances in the air) can be introduced into the body.

For the convenience of using medications by inhalation, special nozzles are produced for inhalation of these drugs both through the nose and through the mouth. These attachments are included with your aerosol inhaler.

Advantages of the inhalation route of administration :

Action directly at the site of the pathological process in the respiratory tract.

It enters the lesion site, bypassing the liver, in an unchanged form, which causes a high concentration of the drug substance.

Disadvantages of the inhalation route of administration:

1. In case of severely impaired bronchial obstruction, there is poor penetration of the drug directly into the pathological focus.

2. Possibility of irritation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract by medicinal substances.

The nurse must teach the patient how to administer medications by inhalation, since he usually performs this procedure independently.

QUESTIONS FOR SELF-CONTROL

1. Ways and methods of introducing drugs into the body.

2. Rules for prescribing medicines.

3. Rules for obtaining medicines.

4. Rules for storing medicines.

5. Rules for recording medicines.

6. Rules for storage and accounting of narcotic drugs.

7. Rules for the distribution of medicines.

8. Features of external and inhalation methods of drug administration.

Literature

Main:

1. Order Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 12.11.97

№ 330 “On measures to improve the accounting, storage, prescribing and use of narcotic drugs” (as amended on January 9, 2001).

2. Order Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 08.23.99

№ 328 “On the rational prescribing of medicines, the rules for writing prescriptions for them and the procedure for their dispensing by pharmacies (organizations)” (as amended on January 9, 2001).

3. Mukhina S.A., Tarnovskaya I.I. Practical guide to the subject “Fundamentals of Nursing”: textbook. – 2nd ed., corrected. And additional – M.: GEOTAR-Media 2009.512s: ill.- 309-339s.

4. Lecture by the teacher.

Additional:

1. Educational and methodological manual on “Fundamentals of Nursing” for students, vol. 1.2, edited by Shpirna A.I., Moscow, VUNMC 2003

2. Internet resources: http://www.med-pravo.ru/PRICMZ/SubPric/SubR.htm#Standart

For various diseases of the respiratory tract and lungs, drugs are administered directly into the respiratory tract. In this case, the medicinal substance is administered by inhalation - inhalation. When drugs are administered into the respiratory tract, local, resorptive and reflex effects can be obtained.

Balloon metered aerosol preparations currently used most often. When using such a balloon, the patient must carry out

inhalation while sitting or standing, tilting your head back slightly so that the airways straighten and the drug reaches the bronchi. After vigorous shaking, the inhaler should be turned upside down. Having exhaled deeply, at the very beginning of the inhalation the patient presses the canister (with the inhaler in the mouth or using a spacer - see below), then continuing to inhale as deeply as possible. At the height of inhalation, you should hold your breath for a few seconds (so that the particles of the drug

settled on the walls of the bronchi) and then calmly exhale the air.

Steam inhalations.

In the treatment of catarrhal inflammation of the upper respiratory tract and sore throats, steam inhalations using a simple inhaler have long been used.

The stream of steam generated in the heated water tank is ejected through the horizontal tube of the atomizer and rarefies the air under the vertical elbow, as a result of which the medicinal solution from the cup rises through the vertical tube and is broken into small particles by the steam.

Steam with drug particles enters a glass tube, which the patient takes into his mouth and breathes through it (inhaling through the mouth and exhaling through the nose) for 5-10 minutes.

Use of suppositories (candles). External routes of drug administration. Use of ointments, solutions, powders, plasters.

Parenteral route of drug administration. General principles. Complications. Advantages and disadvantages.

Parenteral route of drug administration

Parenteral is a method of introducing drugs into the body without passing through the digestive tract.

The following parenteral routes of administration of drugs are distinguished.

1. In tissue: intradermally; subcutaneously; intramuscularly; intraosseous.

2. Into vessels: intravenously; intra-arterial; into the lymphatic vessels.

3. In the cavity: into the pleural cavity; into the abdominal cavity; intracardiac; into the joint cavity.

4. Into the subarachnoid space.

Parenteral administration of drugs is carried out by injection - introducing liquid into the body using a syringe.

Intradermal the injection is used for diagnostic purposes (Burnet, Mantoux, Casoni, etc. allergy tests) and for local anesthesia (injection). For diagnostic purposes, 0.1-1 ml of the substance is injected using a section of the skin of the inner surface of the forearm.

Subcutaneous the injection is performed to a depth of 15 mm. The maximum effect of a subcutaneously administered drug is achieved on average 30 minutes after injection.

The most convenient areas for subcutaneous administration of medicinal substances are the upper third of the outer surface of the shoulder, the subscapular space, the anterolateral surface of the thigh, and the lateral surface of the abdominal wall. In these areas, the skin is easily caught in the fold, so there is no danger of damage to blood vessels and nerves.

If the nurse detects a lump or redness of the skin at the injection site, you must inform the doctor about this, apply a warm compress with a 40% alcohol solution and put on a heating pad.

Intramuscular injections should be carried out in certain places of the body where there is

a significant layer of muscle tissue and large vessels and nerve trunks do not pass close to the injection site. The most suitable locations (Fig. 11-7) are the muscles of the buttocks (medius and minimus) and thighs (vastus lateralis).

When using non-sterile syringes and needles, inaccurate selection of the injection site, insufficiently deep insertion of the needle and penetration of the drug into the vessels, various complications can occur: post-injection infiltration and abscess, hematoma, damage to nerve trunks (from neuritis to paralysis), embolism, needle breakage, etc. d.

Intravenous injection ( Venipuncture) - percutaneous insertion of a hollow needle into the lumen of a vein for the purpose of intravenous administration of medications, blood transfusions and blood substitutes, blood extraction (for taking blood for analysis, as well as bloodletting - extracting 200-400 ml of blood according to indications).

Infusion, or infusion - parenteral administration of a large volume of liquid into the body.

Complications when performing parenteral injections (hematoma, bleeding, etc.). The concept of allergic reactions, anaphylactic shock. First aid.

The simplest physiotherapeutic procedures. Familiarity with the mechanisms of action and the technique of placing cups, mustard plasters, warm and cold compresses. Indications and contraindications for carrying out simple physiotherapy procedures.

Compress- a therapeutic multi-layer bandage made of gauze or other fabric, usually in combination with cotton wool, waxed paper or waterproof film.

Indications: first hours after bruises and injuries, nosebleeds and hemorrhoids, second period of fever.

How to perform the procedure

1. Soak the prepared gauze in cold water and squeeze it lightly.

2. Apply a compress to the corresponding area of ​​the body.

3. Change the gauze every 2-3 minutes (as it warms up).

Warming compresses used in the treatment of local infiltrates and damage to the muscular-articular apparatus. Types of compresses:

Dry warming compress;

Wet warming compress;

Wet hot compress.

Dry compress (warming) used to warm and protect certain areas of the body (neck, ear, etc.) from the cold. For this purpose, apply a cotton-gauze bandage. The compress for the thermal procedure looks like this:

The first layer (outer) is cotton wool (batting, flannel).

The second layer (middle) is oilcloth, plastic film or wax paper; length and

The width of this layer should be 2-3 cm less than that of the first layer (cotton wool).

The third layer (inner, applied to the skin) is a damp cloth (soft cloth);

in size it should be 2 cm smaller than the second layer.

Wet warming compress

Indications: local inflammatory processes in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, post-injection infiltrates, arthritis, trauma.

Contraindications: skin diseases (dermatitis, pustular and allergic rashes), high fever, malignant neoplasms, violation of the integrity of the skin.

Procedure to complete:

1. Prepare a solution [warm water, weak vinegar solution (1 tsp 9% solution per 0.5 l

water) or vodka, cologne or 96% alcohol, diluted with warm water in a ratio of 1:2].

Using undiluted cologne or alcohol can cause burns.

2. Moisten a napkin in the prepared solution and squeeze it out.

3. Apply a damp cloth to the corresponding area of ​​the body and press it tightly.

4. Place the remaining two layers of compress on top: wax paper, then cotton wool.

5. Secure the compress with a bandage.

6. Remove the compress after 8-10 hours, wipe the skin with water (alcohol), and wipe dry with a towel.

Wet hot compress

Sometimes a wet hot compress is used for a local anesthetic effect. In this case, the napkin is moistened in hot water (50-60 °C), wrung out and applied for 5-10 minutes to the corresponding part of the body, covered with oilcloth and thick woolen cloth on top.

Banks- glass vessels shaped like pots with thickened rounded edges and a semicircular bottom, volume 30-70 ml. Banks have a strong vasodilator and anti-inflammatory effect; they are often used for bronchitis, pneumonia, neuralgia, neuritis, myositis.

Mechanism of action

The flame of the burning wick creates a vacuum of air in the jar. Due to the negative pressure (vacuum) created in the jar, it is absorbed - both to the skin and to deeper tissues; in this case, a rush of blood and lymph occurs, which causes a reflex effect on the vessels of the internal organs - blood and lymph circulation increases, trophism (nutrition) of tissues improves, which contributes to faster resorption of inflammatory foci.

There is also another component to the cupping mechanism. The capillaries of the skin, overflowing with blood, rupture, and small hemorrhages into the skin (bruises) occur, so the skin becomes bright red or purple in color. In places of hemorrhages, products of breakdown and autolysis (self-digestion) of blood are formed, which are essentially biologically active substances that are carried by the bloodstream throughout the body and have a beneficial (stimulating) effect on various tissues and organs.

Patient preparation and equipment

To place cups, the patient is placed in bed on his stomach (in case of cups being placed on his back); at the same time, his head should be turned to the side, his hands clasping the pillow. If the skin is covered with hair, it is shaved off and the skin is washed with warm

soap and water and dry with a towel.

Apply a thin layer of Vaseline to the skin by hand (so that the edges of the jar fit tightly to the surface of the body and air does not penetrate into the jar, and also to avoid burns).

A vacuum of air in the jar is created by introducing a burning alcohol swab into it. This

manipulation requires skill and a certain dexterity, since burning the tampon for an insufficiently long time will not be able to create a vacuum of air, and the jar will not

will stick to the skin, while excessive heating of the can can lead to burns. It is important to understand that you only need to heat the air in the jar, but not heat its edges, otherwise your skin will burn. In addition, excess alcohol from the tampon must be squeezed out onto the edge of the bottle with alcohol (to avoid drops of burning alcohol getting on the patient’s skin). After wetting the tampon, the bottle of alcohol should be tightly closed and set aside.

Cups are placed on those areas of the body where the muscle and subcutaneous fat layers are expressed, smoothing bone formations - the chest area (with the exception of the heart, mammary glands, and spine).

Cupping should not be placed on the heart area, mammary glands, spine area, or birthmarks.

Indications for cupping: inflammatory diseases of the chest organs -

processes in the lungs (bronchitis, pneumonia), neuritis, intercostal neuralgia, myositis.

Contraindications for cupping: high body temperature, malignant neoplasms, hemoptysis, active form of tuberculosis, pulmonary hemorrhage or the danger of its occurrence, skin diseases, severe exhaustion of the patient with loss of skin elasticity, convulsions, a state of strong excitement, unconsciousness of the patient, sharply increased sensitivity and soreness of the skin.

Method of placing cans

Procedure to complete:

1. Before use, wash the jars thoroughly with hot water and wipe dry.

2. Check the edges of the cans for chips and other damage and lubricate them with a thin layer

Vaseline.

3. Place the patient in a comfortable position.

4. Before placing the cups, lubricate the skin with Vaseline by hand.

5. Moisten a cotton swab on a metal probe (wick) or in a Kocher clamp in alcohol

and squeeze them out.

6. Close the bottle of alcohol and set it aside.

7. Light the wick.

8. Take a probe with a burning tampon in your right hand, and 1-2 cans in your left hand.

9. Inside the jar, holding it close to the body, place a burning tampon for a very short time; in this case, you should not touch the edges of the can and overheat it (the time sufficient to achieve a vacuum inside the can is 1 s).

10. Apply the jar(s) quickly and vigorously to the skin.

11. Cover the patient with a blanket.

12. Leave the jars for 10-15 minutes.

13. Remove the jars: to remove the jar, lightly press the skin at the edge of the jar with your left fingers

hand, while tilting its bottom in the opposite direction with your right hand.

14. At the end of the procedure, wipe the skin with a towel to remove Vaseline, the patient

cover with a blanket. After the procedure, the patient should lie quietly for at least 1 hour.

15. Rinse used jars with hot water and wipe dry.

Mustard plasters. The active ingredient of mustard plasters is essential mustard (allylic) oil, which is part of mustard and is released from it at a temperature of 40-45 ° C. The oil causes irritation of skin receptors and its hyperemia, leads to the expansion of blood vessels located deeper than the internal organs, due to which an analgesic effect is achieved, and the resorption of some inflammatory processes is accelerated. Mustard plasters are used in the treatment of colds, inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (rhinitis, pharyngitis), inflammatory processes in the lungs (bronchitis, pneumonia), neurological diseases (myositis, neuralgia), and angina pectoris and hypertensive crisis.

Standard mustard plasters- sheets of thick paper 8 x 12.5 cm, covered with a layer of fat-free mustard powder (shelf life is 8-10 months), or bags of compressed filter paper, between the layers of which there is mustard powder. Suitable mustard plaster has a pungent smell of mustard oil and does not crumble. These qualities must be checked before using it.

Before use, mustard plaster is moistened in warm water (40-45 °C). At higher

temperature, mustard oil is destroyed. Mustard plasters are applied for 10-15 minutes; in this case, the patient should feel warmth and a slight burning sensation, and the skin should become hyperemic (reddened). Longer exposure to mustard plasters may result in skin burns. Places for placing mustard plasters

Back of the head (acute rhinitis, hypertensive crisis).

Upper part of the sternum (acute tracheitis).

Interscapular area and under the shoulder blades (bronchitis, pneumonia).

Calf muscles (effective for acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract).

Mustard plasters can only be placed on intact skin. Mustard plasters should be avoided on the mammary glands, nipple area, spine, and birthmarks.

Indications for mustard plasters: inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract

pathways (rhinitis, pharyngitis), inflammatory processes in the lungs (bronchitis, pneumonia), myositis, neuralgia, hypertensive crisis (on the back of the head).

Contraindications to the procedure: skin diseases (pyoderma, neurodermatitis, eczema), high fever (above 38 °C), pulmonary hemorrhage or the likelihood of its development, malignant neoplasms.

Procedure to complete:

1. Prepare warm water.

2. Place the patient in a position comfortable for him and carefully examine the skin.

3. Immerse the mustard plaster for 5-10 seconds in warm water at a temperature no higher than 45 °C.

4. Apply mustard plaster with the side covered with mustard to the skin (if the skin is hypersensitive, mustard plaster is applied through gauze).

5. Cover the area where mustard plasters are placed with a towel, then a blanket.

6. After 5-10 minutes from the moment the burning sensation appears, remove the mustard plasters from the skin with a damp cloth.

7. Remove any remaining mustard powder by carefully wiping the skin with a cloth soaked in warm water.

8. Wipe the skin dry and cover the patient with a blanket.

Mustard baths

It is possible to use mustard baths using mustard powder (at the rate of 50 g per 10 liters of water). They can be general (for colds) and local - foot (for the treatment of hypertension). The duration of the bath is 20-30 minutes. After bathing, patients are washed with clean warm water, dried, and then wrapped in a sheet or blanket.

The simplest physiotherapeutic procedures. Acquaintance with the mechanisms of action and the technique of applying a heating pad, an ice pack, and placing leeches. Features of performing simple physiotherapeutic procedures for elderly and senile patients. Monitoring patients during procedures and providing first aid in the event of complications.

The impact of physical factors (cold, heat, mechanical irritation) on the skin of parts of the body - the so-called segmental reflex distraction therapy - causes a certain functional reaction of the corresponding organs and systems: the tone of smooth muscles increases or decreases, spasm or dilatation of blood vessels occurs, metabolic processes are stimulated in organism. In addition, in general, physiotherapeutic procedures have a general strengthening effect, improve sleep, and improve mood.

“Temperature” methods of physiotherapy include compresses, a heating pad, an ice pack - all those measures that, using cooling or warming, allow for the expansion or contraction of blood vessels, the acceleration or slowdown of blood flow in them, changes in the functions of the respiratory organs, cardiovascular system, metabolic rate and etc. Mustard plasters and jars, in addition to the warming effect, also have an irritating effect on skin receptors due to the essential oil of mustard and the creation of negative pressure by the jars on a local area of ​​the body. Treatment with leeches, although considered in this chapter as one of the methods of physiotherapeutic treatment, is essentially a medicinal procedure, since the main effect of occupational therapy is due to the special substance hirudin secreted by leeches.

Poultices- a medical procedure consisting of warming up an area of ​​the body by applying a heated granular or mushy substance placed in a special linen bag.

TO hydrotherapy procedures include showers, baths, douches, rubdowns, wet wraps.

Bloodletting- removal of a certain amount of blood from the circulatory system to reduce circulating blood volume (CBV), arterial and venous pressure.

Hot water bottle classified as dry thermal procedures; it has a local warming effect. The heating pad is used as an analgesic and antispasmodic.

Warmers come in capacities from 1 to 3 liters. There are several options for heating pads.

Rubber (water).

Electrothermal.

Chemical.

If necessary, if a heating pad is not available, it can be replaced with a bottle filled with hot water (homemade heating pad).

How to perform the procedure

1. Lubricate the skin of the corresponding area of ​​the body with Vaseline (to prevent burns and hyperpigmentation).

2. Fill the heating pad 2/3 full with hot water.

3. Carefully force the air out of the heating pad by squeezing it with your hands towards the neck.

4. Close the heating pad tightly with the stopper (lid).

5. Check the heating pad for leaks by turning it over.

6. Wrap the heating pad in a towel and apply to the appropriate area of ​​the body.

Ice pack

An ice pack is used for longer local cooling. It is a flat rubber bag with a wide opening and a lid, which is filled with pieces of ice before use.

Indications: first hours after injury, internal bleeding, second period of fever, initial stage of some acute abdominal diseases, bruises.

Contraindications: cramping abdominal pain, collapse, shock.

Necessary equipment: ice, ice pack, towel (sterile oilcloth).

The order of the procedure (Fig. 7-2):

1. Fill the bubble 2/3 of the volume with pieces of ice and close it tightly.

2. Hang the bubble over the corresponding area of ​​the body (head, stomach, etc.) at a distance of 5-7 cm or wrap it in a towel and apply it to the sore spot.

3. If a long procedure is necessary, take cooling breaks of 10 minutes every 30 minutes.

Hirudotherapy- use of medicinal leeches for medicinal purposes. Hirudotherapy is carried out for local bleeding, as well as to reduce blood clotting (anti-coagulant effect). Together with the secretion of the salivary glands of the leech, hirudin (a powerful anticoagulant - anti-clotting substance) and histamine-like substances enter the human body, expanding the lumen of small vessels and increasing bleeding. The enzyme hyaluronidase was also found in extracts of whole leeches, which facilitates the penetration of various substances into the body, increasing the permeability of tissues and capillary walls.

Places where leeches are placed

The area of ​​the mastoid process is 1 cm posterior to the inner edge of the auricle (with thrombosis of cerebral vessels, hypertension).

In the area of ​​the third to fifth intercostal space, 1 cm outward from the left edge of the sternum (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction).

The area of ​​the right hypochondrium (venous congestion in the liver).

Along the course of the affected vein, 1 cm to the sides from its edges every 5 cm in a checkerboard pattern (thrombophlebitis).

Around the tailbone (hemorrhoids).

You should not place leeches in the place where the saphenous veins are visible or the arteries are close, as the leeches can bite through them, which will cause unwanted heavy bleeding.

Conditions for inhalation.

· In pediatrics, this method has found quite wide application: steam, heat-moist, oil inhalations, and aerosols of medicines are carried out.

· Both stationary and portable inhalers are used.

· A sick young child is wrapped in a blanket and held on his knees, with a mask (mouthpiece) and a nebulizer applied to the mouth and nose. The child's cry promotes deeper inhalation of the aerosol.

· Older children cover the mouthpiece of the nebulizer with their lips and periodically take deep breaths.

· Portable inhalers are widely used for children with asthma: in order to successfully carry out inhalation, the bottle with the medicinal substance must be positioned strictly perpendicularly, bottom up; When inhaling an aerosol mixture from an inhaler, a child must throw back his head, otherwise up to 90% of the medicine remains in the throat.

METHOD OF USING A PORTABLE INHALER

Nurse.

· reads the name of the drug;

· Explains the procedure to the child using an inhalation can without medication;

· sits the child down, and if his condition allows, it is better to carry out inhalation in the child’s standing position, since in this case a respiratory excursion is more effective;

· removes the protective cap from the inhaler;

· turns the aerosol can upside down and shakes it;

· asks the child to take a deep breath;

· insert the mouthpiece of the inhaler into the child’s mouth, simply wrap it as tightly as possible with your lips and tilt your head slightly back;

· asks the child to take a deep breath through his mouth, while simultaneously pressing on the bottom of the can;

· removes the inhaler mouthpiece from the child’s mouth, asking him to hold his breath for 5-10 seconds;

· forgive the child and then exhale calmly

Invites the child to independently perform this procedure in her presence:

· after completing the procedure, close the inhaler with a sewn cap.

ENTERAL METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICINES

Involves administering medications through the mouth, sublingually, or into the rectum.

METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICINES THROUGH THE ORAL

The nurse should give medications for internal use to children herself, without entrusting this to mothers of young children or children of high school age themselves.

When dispensing medications, the nurse must follow the following rules:

1. Carefully read the label on the package and the entry on the prescription sheet so as not to confuse the medications;

2. Distribute medications at the bedside of a sick child;

3. The child must swallow and wash down the medicine in the presence of a nurse;

4. Products marked “before meals” must be given to the child 15 minutes before meals; with the mark “after meals” - write 15 minutes after taking it: products intended to be taken “on an empty stomach” - give to the child in the morning an hour before breakfast;

5. For older children, solid dosage forms - tablets, capsules, dragees - the nurse places on the root of the tongue and gives them to drink with a small amount of water: sprinkle the powder on the root of the tongue and give to drink with water: liquid dosage forms (infusions, solutions, mixtures, decoctions) Gives you to drink from a spoon or from a beaker and wash it down with water; alcohol tinctures, extracts are prescribed in drops - the nurse measures the required number of drops into a beaker, adds a little water, gives it to the child to drink and wash it down with clean water;

6. Special small packages of medications are made for young children; The nurse gives medications in the form of a powder, diluting it in a spoon or in a small bottle in a small amount of water, milk or syrup; It is more convenient to use medicines in solutions for such children, in suspensions with the addition of sugar and fruit syrups;

7. If the child must receive several medications at the same time, the nurse should not mix them, but should give each medication one at a time.

8. In case of persistent vomiting, all medications are administered to the child in the form of suppositories and parenterally.