Pale fever in children treatment. Fever in children - symptoms, treatment. Malignant hyperthermia in children

Typically, white fever in a child develops as a response of the body to an infectious infection. Doctors distinguish between red and white forms of fever. With the development of the latter, a spasm of blood vessels occurs, which leads to severe chills. It is quite difficult for children to carry, so it is necessary to transfer it to the red form as quickly as possible. The second stage of fever is characterized by high heat transfer, minimizing the risks of overheating. Pink fever is easier to tolerate.

The most common cause of hyperthermia is infection, damage of a bacterial, viral, fungal or other nature. In a continental climate, these are usually acute respiratory infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, otitis media. In hot areas, intestinal infections are also a common cause. Pathogens enter the body through food, breathing, or injection.

White fever can be caused by a vaccine against influenza, measles or whooping cough.

It is also possible that fever may develop for other, non-infectious reasons. Chills can be observed due to allergic reactions, rheumatic phenomena, poisoning and malignant tumors.

Symptomatic picture

The name of the fever speaks for itself: the child becomes very pale, marbling of the skin is observed. Lips turn blue, hands and feet become cold. The pulse and breathing rate increase sharply, and blood pressure rises. The child is cold and complains of chills. The general condition varies: the patient can be either completely lethargic or very excited. Convulsions and delirium are possible.

The course of fever occurs in three stages.

1. Body temperature rises quickly, as heat transfer becomes much less than heat production.
2. The temperature stabilizes, but remains elevated.
3. Hyperthermia disappears abruptly or gradually decreases to normal levels.

White fever causes loss of appetite

As a rule, the doctor notes:

• apathy;
• pale skin;
• lack of appetite;
• uneven difficulty breathing.

The symptoms characterize the baby’s immunity from the best side: this is a typical reaction for a healthy body. Defense mechanisms promote the denaturation of foreign proteins within the body, which speeds up recovery.

Hyperthermia prevents the proliferation of viruses, bacteria or fungi. After this, uncontrolled suppression and destruction of inflammation begins in the body.

Diagnostics

Scarlet fever or an allergy to antipyretic drugs, in addition to the main symptoms, is manifested by a rash. Inflammation of the mucous membranes is characteristic of fever due to pharyngitis, otitis media, bronchitis or pneumonia.

Mononucleosis and tonsillitis caused by streptococci or viruses cause white fever, which occurs against the background of sore throat. Bronchitis or bronchiolitis, asthma, laryngitis cause difficulty in breathing, its rigidity, and unevenness. Disorders of the nervous system are possible with meningitis or encephalitis. In the latter case, emergency medical care is often needed.

Scarlet fever or an allergy to antipyretic drugs causes a rash

Intestinal infections are often diagnosed through the development of white fever accompanied by diarrhea. If vomiting and abdominal pain occur, most likely we have to talk about inflammation of the appendix or organs of the genitourinary system. Fever due to arthritis or rheumatism occurs along with damage to large joints.

If the cause of white fever is any serious illness, the child is too irritable and sleepy, he practically does not drink and is breathing heavily, then he requires emergency hospitalization.

Parents' first actions

When the first symptoms of fever appear, the baby should not experience fear or panic. You need to distract and calm him down with an interesting story or fairy tale.

Before being examined by a pediatrician, it is important to ensure that your child drinks plenty of fluids. It is better if it is natural juices and fruit drinks, herbal decoctions.

Proper nutrition is also important: the disease should not lead the baby’s body to exhaustion. You need food that is not only healthy, quickly digestible, but also tasty. You need to do something that will definitely make the child happy.

Drug treatment

Treatment of the main symptoms is not limited to anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs. Often such treatment is ineffective and even pointless. As a rule, children are prescribed phenothiazines, for example, Diprazine. With the help of these agents, blood vessels dilate, blood circulation and the functioning of the sweat glands are stabilized, and they also have a sedative effect.

Pediatricians recommend giving a child with white fever medications to dilate blood vessels. Nicotinic acid is ideal for this - 1 mg per 10 kg of weight. Vitamin PP is used in combination with Paracetamol or drugs containing it - Panadol or Calpol. Nurofen is used as an effective antipyretic in the form of suppositories or syrup. But when treating, you should not focus on lowering the temperature or using strong drugs. The more effective the antipyretic, the more harmful it is for the child’s body.

Nurofen syrup is used as an effective antipyretic agent

The spasm is relieved with the help of antispasmodics - Dibazol or Papaverine. But “No-shpa” will be of little help here, since its action is directed mainly at the internal organs. Antipyretics will not work until the body spasm subsides, so this is very important when treating a fever. Vasoconstriction - the main symptom of fever - can be reduced by rubbing the child's limbs and completely eliminating the cooling of the body.

Contraindications

A number of medications for fever are prohibited. So, the list of contraindications includes:

• Aspirin, which can cause encephalopathy;
• "Analgin" (due to the risks of anaphylactic shock);
• "Nimesulide", which is a highly toxic agent.

Urgent Care

Children who have a fever may need first aid. First of all, you need to block hyperthermia with the antipyretics described above. An antispasmodic that dilates blood vessels is used together with paracetamol.

Within an hour, the temperature should drop by at least a degree. Otherwise, you need to urgently call a doctor.

At the same time, you should not do everything possible to bring your body temperature closer to normal. Sudden changes are difficult to tolerate, especially for children. The exception is infants and children with heart and central nervous system problems. For them, temperatures above 38 degrees are contraindicated.

ethnoscience

Each of us was sick in childhood and probably remembers the remedies tested by generations in the fight against high fever and chills during fever.

1. If we talk about raspberry tea, then when you have a fever, it makes no difference what you drink. The released moisture will in any case increase the heat transfer of the body. As for jam, its effectiveness is not so great. A decoction of leaves, not berries, has the most beneficial effect on the body. It is better to add a few raspberry and strawberry leaves and some linden flowers to the teapot. This will increase the effect many times over.
2. Another well-known folk method is milk and honey. The combination is very tasty, although not many children like it. Honey will undoubtedly be beneficial: it not only heals, but also calms and strengthens sleep. In turn, milk soothes the throat and reduces cough.

So, treatment of pale fever comes down to complex drug therapy in combination with proper diet and sleep.

MamaNaya 05/26/2010 at 11:15:18

"White" fever. What to save yourself with?

We recently experienced this phenomenon. This is creepy.
I will say that previously our fever was accompanied by sweating and passed quite easily. We had water as an antipyretic - it helped. And then there’s a sudden jump to 39.6, my arms and legs are icy, my lips turn blue. The child is semi-conscious. This was my first time encountering this. As soon as I managed to put a suppository with paracetamol, I called an ambulance, they refused: “If the child is breathing, then call the children’s emergency room. And anyway, what did you think before? We should have prevented such an increase!” Fortunately, the child felt a little better. They opened the window, gave me hot water, and rubbed my limbs. The ambulance did not arrive immediately. The doctor quite calmly said that it was ARVI. He said to give no-shpa, vinegar wraps, cool enemas with paracetamol and ibuprofen...
For 2 days we still struggled with the temperature rising to 39.5. And cold extremities all the time. No-shpa made me vomit, the enema didn’t help, and I didn’t do vinegar wraps because... many people say that vinegar (even diluted) does more harm than good. But somehow we survived this crisis.
Then it turned out that we did not have ARVI. A rash appeared, but there was no snot or cough. Is it roseola or some other viral infection.
Anyone who has encountered white fever, please share your experience. Why does it arise? What to do if no-spa is not suitable? I read that suppositories with papaverine are effective. Has anyone used them?
This kind of fever is very scary. I wouldn't wish this on anyone. But if suddenly this happens, you must be prepared to quickly save the child, without counting on an ambulance.

• katskin 05/29/2010 at 14:27:32

  We survived

  only our version is cooler - the temperature is 40.6, my daughter was chattering her teeth and screaming that she was cold, all the other symptoms were the same, although she was completely adequate. The ambulance arrived 20 minutes later, I clearly described the situation. Moreover, it was a repeated call, and they did not leave us a referral to the hospital. They gave an injection (but spa + diphenhydramine + analgin) - it didn’t help my daughter, they took us to the hospital, they repeated the injection, added ceftriaxone and dexamethozone, that didn’t help either - 40.2 was eventually wiped off with vinegar, brought down to 39.9 - they did it right away an enema with cool water - this was the only thing that helped and the temperature was 38.5. The diagnosis was made only on the third day by X-ray - pneumonia (there was no cough, the doctors did not hear wheezing), they said that it was viral in nature
  All these procedures cannot be done at home - there is a risk of convulsions, even from rubbing, not to mention an enema - by the way, at 40 it is categorically contraindicated.
  Conclusion - in case of white fever, we call an ambulance and rush to the hospital.
  At home you need to have an ambulance injection (see above) and be ready to inject if anything happens, as well as money for a private ambulance - it’s faster.
  You can try papaverine if you are not allergic, but it is less effective.
  One thing you need to remember is that suppositories act more slowly than injections, and in such a situation, minutes count. If you put a suppository, then you can no longer inject your child with this drug for some time.
  

  geny 05/26/2010 at 22:49:51

  I once used no-shpa in candles, but I think it was called-khsha +

  I can’t say more precisely, this was a couple of years ago, I think the pharmacy should know. Mefenamic acid helps us a lot with “unbreakable” temperatures, it’s really better than any other drugs.

  • kaktus1 05/27/2010 at 09:28:25

    roseola

    and we had roseola at 1.5 years old... gave paracetamol, but only when the temperature exceeded 39, the emergency doctor said to rub cold feet with vodka and put on woolen socks, and when the socks get hot, take them off. In addition, for a small child, At high temperatures, it is advisable to abandon diapers.

Shooter 05/26/2010 at 12:46:16

But you can inject it, you can light all sorts of candles. Get well!(-)

I am not some!
(c) Kolyan, 4g.

Fantasy 05/27/2010 at 18:17:19

It seems to me that the child was vomiting not from no-spa, but from a high fever.+

My son always vomits when his temperature is above 39. Our temperature is very low. Paracetamol and Analdim suppositories practically do not reduce it.
We measure the temperature every 30 minutes, as soon as the temperature creeps above 38.5 I give an antipyretic in syrup (if you have eaten anything, of course). I rubbed it with warm water without vodka/alcohol/vinegar a couple of times. The water should be warm.

JULIA_29 05/26/2010 at 11:43:31

yes, we survived roseola

On the topic of fever, we still have some questions left to discuss. They are relevant and also require attention, a detailed analysis of the parents’ actions and first aid methods, further tactics, as well as ways to prevent complications. One of the most unpleasant symptoms of fever is chills, a subjectively unpleasant feeling of cold and discomfort.

What to do if you have chills?

Chills in a child may indicate an increase in temperature due to various diseases, and to make sure of this, it is worth measuring the baby’s body temperature using the usual methods. That is, chills indicate the formation of such a concept as pale fever. It is worth remembering that the course of pale fever can be quite severe and prolonged, and this type of fever is difficult for a child or adult to tolerate, especially with influenza, childhood infections or acute respiratory viral infections. Signs of the development of the white type of fever are usually referred to as such signs as the child’s condition is close to severe or moderate, however, the child is conscious, if the condition is distinguished from febrile convulsions of infants.

A child with white fever and chills trembles, is very chilly, complains of cold, and in young children the equivalent of this condition is severe anxiety. On the skin of children, signs of goose bumps and marbling of the skin clearly appear. The baby is trying to assume the fetal position, curling up in a ball under the blanket, unable to warm up. The skin is very pale, warm or hot, and dry to the touch, but the hands and feet feel very cold, icy, and dry. The level of body temperature can vary from a very low temperature of 38.1 degrees, to very high numbers of 39.1 and above. The long course of the white version of fever is very difficult for the baby to tolerate, in contrast to the pink version of fever. This type of fever with chills is considered unfavorable for the prognosis and course of the disease, in terms of complications, and is difficult to provide medical care. But the development of chills and fever is not a reason to panic if everything is done correctly and in a timely manner.

The first step when helping a child is to try to improve the baby’s well-being using methods and techniques to relieve peripheral spasm of the subcutaneous vessels, which is characteristic of the pallid type of fever. You can cover the baby with a warm blanket or blanket, apply warm water bottles or heating pads to the ice-cold feet and hands, or rub or massage the feet and hands until they warm up. In parallel, it is necessary to give the child an antipyretic drug based on paracetamol or ibuprofen.

If a child feels unwell with pale fever, the temperature level rises to 38.5-39.5 and higher, if repeated episodes of severe manifestations of pale fever occur throughout the illness, then along with antipyretic drugs, the child should be given additional drugs to relieve spasms of microcirculatory vessels. Usually, “No-shpu” or “Papaverine” is used for this, having discussed the dosage for your child according to his age with a doctor. Sometimes a non-vascular antipyretic drug alone may not be effective for this type of fever. However, it is worth remembering that such antispasmodic drugs can be given to children with fever only with full confidence that the child has no signs of surgical pathology and no complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, etc. Otherwise, the combination of these drugs will mask the symptoms and delay the onset of necessary treatment.

As the condition improves, about twenty minutes after performing all these steps, the signs of the pale type of fever should pass and transform into the pink type of fever, but the thermometer readings may even increase - do not be alarmed, this is normal, it means that during fever the body began to radiate heat into the surrounding space. However, despite the temperature, the baby’s general condition should improve, then you can open the baby and remove excess clothes from him if he is not cold. You need to lower the temperature during pale fever smoothly and slowly, over three hours, you don’t need to try to bring it down to normal, you need it to drop below 38.0 degrees. And it is strictly forbidden to use external methods of cooling in case of a pale type of fever with chills - this will only worsen the condition and lead to more severe consequences.

I remind you once again that the main goal of all our actions during fever is to improve the child’s general condition and well-being, while we need to achieve a decrease in temperature, but this does not necessarily have to be within the normal range. You can quite comfortably lower the temperature to 38.1-38.4 degrees and at the same time continue to allow the body’s defenses to work on their own in the fight against the disease. That is, there is no need to strive at all costs to reduce the temperature to 36.6 degrees; they are not treating the high temperature itself, they are treating the disease that provoked such high fever numbers.

When taking antipyretic drugs, their effects can be assessed no earlier than two hours later, and with a pale type of fever, you can wait three hours - this is the body’s normal reaction to the drug. Of course, most drugs will gradually begin to act after half an hour, but the maximum concentration of the drug and its effect are not achieved immediately. Do not panic. If after half an hour there is still no effect, do not give unnecessary drugs - let the body start working. The febrile state will begin to subside at the moment when the peak concentration of the drug coincides with the peak increase in the child’s body temperature, that is, when the most basic antipyretic effect of the drug occurs directly. It is also worth remembering that at the stage of pale fever or in the process of waking up or falling asleep the baby, the effect will also be somewhat delayed, these are physiological features of metabolism.

After taking the medications, you should not rush to immediately measure your temperature and evaluate the effect; take your temperature after two to three hours - then the picture of treatment will be the most objective. Compare the measurement data obtained earlier, before taking the drug, and those obtained after two hours have passed, there should be dynamics in the decrease in temperature. It is very good if the temperature drops below 38.0 degrees. But it won’t be bad if the fever drops by 0.5-1 degrees. This is also a positive dynamic. It is necessary to build on the initial fever numbers, and not on normal values. Therefore, if your child has a fever, do not panic, do not give a fever and do not give your child antipyretics every hour - do not lead to an overdose and then to sudden hypothermia. This will confuse both you and your doctor, and will give you the feeling that the drugs “don’t help you at all.”

So, you gave the child an antipyretic drug, his general condition improved, the temperature began to drop to 38.5-38.0 degrees. And then the question arises, what to do next? For some reason, most everyone tells how to bring down a high fever and stops there, but the illness has not yet passed, and the child is still feverish. You need to continue to be treated, and do it correctly. First of all, it is necessary to continue monitoring the child’s condition and fever numbers; the temperature should be measured two to three times a day; if a jump in fever is suspected, the temperature should be measured additionally. There is no need to wrap the child up and let him sweat; when children have a fever, overheating is no less dangerous than freezing.

You shouldn’t walk with him while your baby is feverish, especially if it’s hot, windy, cold, or rainy outside. But if it’s warm and your condition allows it, you can go out to breathe fresh air for about fifteen minutes. If the child asks to eat, feed him according to his appetite; if he refuses to eat, you can only give the child sweet drinks, sweet tea with lemon, herbal teas, juices, compotes. You need to drink a lot and actively so that the baby can actively urinate. Be sure to consult a doctor to find out the causes of the fever and prescribe proper treatment for the causes of the fever.

What if the temperature doesn't go down?

If the fever does not go away two to three hours after taking the first antipyretic drug, it is worth repeating the drug, the same or another. For example, after Paracetamol, give Nurofen. It is necessary to carefully and correctly measure the temperature and evaluate its dynamics, and if the temperature does not decrease or increases, it is necessary to call a doctor or an ambulance if the child feels very unwell. Before the doctors arrive, reassure the child and carry out all the previously agreed measures, be prepared for the fact that if you have a high temperature and suspected infection, you may be hospitalized in a hospital, collect your things and documents. Tomorrow we will talk about special types of fevers for various pathologies and diseases.

An increase in body temperature is known to be the body's protective response to an infection or virus.

But when the mark on the thermometer goes beyond 39, the benefit of such protection is significantly reduced. The state of hyperthermia becomes dangerous in itself, especially when it comes to young children. We will talk about white fever in a child in the article.

Concept and features

In medicine, fever is usually divided into white and pink, depending on the color of the skin during a temperature jump.

We can talk about white fever if the so-called white mark is noticeable.

This means that when you press on the skin, the white spot persists for a long time. This phenomenon is due to the fact that blood circulation is disrupted due to severe spasm.

Fever itself is not a disease; it indicates some kind of disease - and it is necessary to fight it. Young children, from 0 to 3 months, are considered more susceptible to white fever.

This condition requires emergency qualified medical care, since failure to take timely measures can cause dire consequences.

Causes

Why does white fever occur in children? In most cases, this is due to an infection in the baby’s body, often this is the result of ARVI. But sometimes it is a reaction to injury, burn, swelling, hemorrhage, tumor.

Neurological and emotional stress can cause fever. Severe pain can also cause this condition.

5 main reasons white fever in children:

Fever in babies very dangerous— a convulsive syndrome is possible as a reaction to the still imperfect mechanisms of heat exchange processes in the baby’s body.

Therefore, children in this condition are urgently hospitalized, and treated and observed in the hospital.

What diseases does it accompany?

As already mentioned, this can respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract(upper respiratory tract). Any external attack on the baby’s body can be accompanied by white fever - be it microbial infection, burn or mechanical injury.

Babies cannot yet complain on their own, so if they have a fever, you need to immediately call a doctor - this may also be a harbinger of pneumonia.

The child is not taken to the doctor, but the local pediatrician is called, and maybe ambulance. The younger the baby, the faster complications develop, so you can’t hesitate.

Prevention

It is impossible to completely exclude the occurrence of fever. But if you perform simple, understandable actions, adhere to basic rules, the risks of such conditions are significantly reduced.

Fever Prevention:

• child hygiene - always monitor and teach the baby himself;
• exclude hypothermia and overheating;
• during the cold season, do not take children to crowded places;
• harden and strengthen the child’s immunity;
• the house should be clean, fresh, and the air humid.

Do not listen to grandmothers and other relatives who suggest wiping your child with vodka or vinegar.

Similar You can’t wrap up a child and force-feed him.

If you force a child to eat in this state, the body will spend a lot of energy on digesting food, instead of fighting the disease.

When it comes to babies, don’t wait for everything to go away on its own.

Fever is approaching critical conditions, therefore, urgently call a doctor and do everything that the specialist prescribes.

Tips for parents on using medications for fever in a child in this video:

We kindly ask you not to self-medicate. Make an appointment with a doctor!

Fever continues to be one of the leading reasons for seeking emergency medical care in pediatric practice.

It has been noted that an increase in body temperature in children is not only one of the most common reasons for visiting a doctor, but also the main reason for the uncontrolled use of various medications. At the same time, various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (salicylates, pyrazolone and para-aminophenol derivatives) have traditionally been used as antipyretic drugs for many years. However, in the late 70s, convincing evidence appeared that the use of salicylic acid derivatives for viral infections in children may be accompanied by the development of Reye's syndrome. Considering that Reye's syndrome is characterized by an extremely unfavorable prognosis (mortality rate - up to 80%, high risk of developing serious neurological and cognitive impairments in survivors), in the United States in the early 80s it was decided to introduce a ban on the use of salicylates in children for influenza and acute respiratory viral infections. and chickenpox. In addition, all over-the-counter medications that contained salicylates began to be labeled with a warning that their use in children with influenza and chickenpox may lead to the development of Reye's syndrome. All this contributed to a significant decrease in the incidence of Reye's syndrome in the United States. So, if before the restriction of the use of aspirin in children (in 1980) 555 cases of this disease were registered, then already in 1987 there were only 36, and in 1997 - only 2 cases of Reye's syndrome. At the same time, data on serious side and undesirable effects of other antipyretics were accumulating. Thus, amidopyrine, often used by pediatricians in past decades, was also excluded from the range of drugs due to its high toxicity. Convincing evidence that analgin (dipirone, metamizole) can adversely affect the bone marrow, inhibiting hematopoiesis, up to the development of fatal agranulocytosis, has contributed to a sharp limitation of its use in medical practice in many countries of the world.

A serious analysis of the results of scientific studies studying the comparative effectiveness and safety of various analgesics-antipyretics in children has led to a significant reduction in antipyretic drugs approved for use in pediatric practice. Currently, only paracetamol and ibuprofen are officially recommended for use in children with fever as safe and effective antipyretic drugs. However, despite clear recommendations from the World Health Organization on the selection and use of antipyretics for fever in children, domestic pediatricians still often continue to use acetylsalicylic acid and analgin.

Development of fever
Before the active introduction of antipyretic and antibacterial drugs into medical practice, analysis of the characteristics of the course of a febrile reaction played an important diagnostic and prognostic role. At the same time, specific features of fever in many infectious diseases (typhoid fever, malaria, typhus, etc.) were identified. At the same time, S.P. Botkin, back in 1885, drew attention to the conventionality and abstractness of the average characteristics of fever. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the nature of the fever depends not only on the pathogenicity, pyrogenicity of the pathogen and the massiveness of its invasion or the severity of aseptic inflammation processes, but also on the individual age and constitutional characteristics of the patient’s reactivity and his background conditions.

Fever is usually assessed by the degree of increase in body temperature, the duration of the febrile period and the nature of the temperature curve:

Depending on the degree of temperature increase:

Depending on the duration of the febrile period:

It should be noted that at present, due to the widespread use of etiotropic (antibacterial) and symptomatic (antipyretic) drugs already in the early stages of an infectious disease, typical temperature curves are rarely seen in practice.

Clinical variants of fever and its biological significance
When analyzing the temperature reaction, it is very important not only to assess the magnitude of its rise, duration and fluctuations, but to compare this with the child’s condition and the clinical manifestations of the disease. This will not only significantly facilitate the diagnostic search, but will also allow you to choose the right tactics for monitoring and treating the patient, which will ultimately determine the prognosis of the disease.

Particular attention should be paid to the clinical equivalents of the correspondence of heat transfer processes to an increased level of heat production, because Depending on individual characteristics and background conditions, fever, even with the same level of hyperthermia, can occur differently in children.

Highlight "pink" and "pale" fever variants. If, with an increase in body temperature, heat transfer corresponds to heat production, then this indicates an adequate course of fever. Clinically this manifests itself "pink" fever. In this case, normal behavior and satisfactory well-being of the child are observed, the skin is pink or moderately hyperemic, moist and warm to the touch. This is a prognostically favorable variant of fever.

The absence of sweating in a child with pink skin and fever should raise suspicion of severe dehydration due to vomiting and diarrhea.

In the case when, with an increase in body temperature, heat transfer due to a significant impairment of peripheral circulation is inadequate to heat production, the fever acquires an inadequate course. The above is observed in another variant - "pale" fever. Clinically, a disturbance in the condition and well-being of the child, chills, pallor, marbling, dry skin, acrocyanosis, cold feet and palms, and tachycardia are noted. These clinical manifestations indicate a prognostically unfavorable course of fever and are a direct indication of the need for emergency care.

One of the clinical options for the unfavorable course of fever is hyperthermic syndrome. The symptoms of this pathological condition were first described in 1922. (L. Ombredanne, 1922).

In young children, the development of hyperthermic syndrome in the vast majority of cases is caused by infectious inflammation accompanied by toxicosis. The development of fever against the background of acute microcirculatory metabolic disorders underlying toxicosis (spasm followed by capillary dilatation, arteriovenous shunting, platelet and erythrocyte sludge, increasing metabolic acidosis, hypoxia and hypercapnia, transmineralization, etc.) leads to aggravation of the pathological process. Decompensation of thermoregulation occurs with a sharp increase in heat production, inadequately reduced heat transfer and lack of effect from antipyretic drugs.

Hyperthermic syndrome, in contrast to adequate (“favorable”, “pink”) fever, requires the urgent use of complex emergency therapy.
As a rule, with hypertemic syndrome, there is an increase in temperature to high numbers (39-39.50 C and above). However, it should be remembered that the basis for distinguishing hypertemic syndrome into a separate variant of the temperature reaction is not the degree of increase in body temperature to specific numbers, but the clinical features of the course of the fever. This is due to the fact that, depending on the individual age and premorbid characteristics of children, concomitant diseases, the same level of hyperthermia can be observed in different variants of the course of fever. In this case, the determining factor during fever is not the degree of hyperthermia, but the adequacy of thermoregulation - the correspondence of heat transfer processes to the level of heat production.

Thus, Hypertemic syndrome should be considered a pathological variant of fever, in which there is a rapid and inadequate increase in body temperature, accompanied by impaired microcirculation, metabolic disorders and progressively increasing dysfunction of vital organs and systems.

In general, the biological significance of fever is to increase the body's natural reactivity. An increase in body temperature leads to an increase in the intensity of phagocytosis, an increase in the synthesis of interferon, an increase in the transformation of lymphocytes and stimulation of antibody genesis. Increased body temperature prevents the proliferation of many microorganisms (cocci, spirochetes, viruses).

However, fever, like any nonspecific protective-adaptive reaction, when compensatory mechanisms are depleted or in the hyperthermic variant, can cause the development of severe pathological conditions.

It should be noted that individual factors of aggravated premorbitis can have a significant impact on the development of adverse consequences of fever. Thus, in children with serious diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, fever can lead to the development of decompensation of these systems. In children with central nervous system pathologies (perinatal encephalopathy, hematocerebrospinal fluid syndrome, epilepsy, etc.), fever can trigger the development of an attack of convulsions. The age of the child is no less important for the development of pathological conditions during fever. The younger the child, the more dangerous a rapid and significant rise in temperature is for him due to the high risk of developing progressive metabolic disorders, cerebral edema, transmineralization and impairment of vital functions.

Differential diagnosis of pathological conditions accompanied by fever.
An increase in body temperature is a nonspecific symptom that occurs in numerous diseases and pathological conditions. When carrying out differential diagnosis, you need to pay attention to: