Modern nootropics to improve memory. Latest generation nootropics of good quality: list, price. The mechanism of action of new generation nootropic drugs

Nootropic drugs - what are these medications? You will receive the answer to the question asked from the presented article. In addition, you will learn the history of their occurrence, principles of action, properties, indications and effects of use.

General information

Nootropic drugs - what are they? Such medicines improve brain function, rejuvenate the body and prolong life. These are neurometabolic stimulants that have an activating effect on learning. In addition, they significantly improve mental activity and memory. The term “nootropic” is made up of two Greek words νους and τροπή, which literally mean “mind” and “change,” respectively.

Description

Nootropic drugs do not have their own class in the classification of medical drugs. That is why they were combined with psychostimulants and began to belong to the pharmacotherapeutic group with the following ATC code: N06ВХ.

History of origin

In 1963, Belgian pharmacologists S. Giurgea and V. Skondia synthesized the first drug from the presented group - Piracetam. Today, such a nootropic drug is known to most patients under the name “Nootropil”. Like a psychostimulant in the mid-20th century, it increased mental performance and did not have any side effects.

In 1972, one of the creators of this medication proposed the term “nootropic” to denote groups of drugs that improve intellectual memory, learning and attention, and also affect transcallosal potential, have antihypoxic activity and do not have a negative effect on the body.

Unlike well-known psychostimulants, nootropic drugs stimulate, which further leads to an increase in their activity, which is quantitative, not qualitative. It should be especially noted that the effect of most of these drugs does not appear after the first dose, but with long-term treatment.

Newest nootropics

Currently, more than 10 original nootropic drugs of the pyrrolidine series have been synthesized, which are in phase 3 clinical trials or have already been registered in a number of countries. Among such drugs one can highlight “Oxiracetam”, “Nefiracetam”, “Etiracetam”, “Aniracetam”, “Rolziracetam”, “Izacetam”, “Pramiracetam”, “Cebracetam”, “Dupracetam”, “Detiracetam”, etc. The presented medications have generic name "Racetams".

In addition to all others, other families of nootropic drugs have been synthesized, including GABAergic, cholinergic, glutamatergic and peptidergic systems. It should also be noted that the nootropic active component is also present in other medications that have different chemical origins.

Operating principle

Nootropic drugs - what are these drugs and what are they prescribed for? The therapeutic effect of such medications is based on several mechanisms:

activation of plastic processes in the central nervous system due to increased protein and RNA synthesis;
improvement in the energy state of neurons, which manifests itself in increased ATP synthesis, as well as antihypoxic and antioxidant effects;
improved glucose utilization;
strengthening of synaptic transmission processes in the central nervous system;
membrane stabilizing effect.

Features of the drugs

The main mechanisms of such drugs are considered to be their direct effect on bioenergetics and metabolic processes in nerve cells, as well as interaction with brain systems (primarily neurotransmitter).

It has long been proven that nootropics are capable of activating adenylate cyclase and increasing its concentration in the neuron. In addition, increased levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate lead, through changes in the flow of intracellular Ca2+ and K+ ions, to rapid release of the transmitter from the sensory neuron.

It should also be noted that activated adenylate cyclase is able to maintain the stability of ATP production in cells without oxygen, and under hypoxic conditions, transfer brain metabolism to a maintained mode.

Nootropic drugs for the elderly and children are extremely necessary to increase their creative activity and restore delayed intellectual development. Manufacturers of such stimulants claim that their medications improve the metabolism of nucleic acids, activate the synthesis of protein, ATP and RNA, penetrate well through the BBB, and also increase the rate of glucose utilization.

Properties of nootropics

The effect of a number of nootropic drugs is sometimes mediated through the neurotransmitter system of the brain (cholinergic, monoaminergic, glutamatergic).

According to manufacturers, nootropics can have other types of effects, including:

antioxidant;
membrane stabilizing;
neuroprotective;
antihypoxic.

Other drug options

Nootropic drugs are recommended to be used in combination. After all, this is the only way to improve the bioelectrical activity and integrative activity of the brain, which manifests itself in the form of characteristic changes in electrophysiological patterns (a noticeable increase in the level of wakefulness, as well as the dominant peak, easier passage of information between the hemispheres of the brain, increased relative and absolute power of the EEG spectrum of the hippocampus and cortex).

Thanks to increased cortico-subcortical control, improved information exchange in the brain, a positive effect on reproduction and the formation of a memory trace, we can safely say that such drugs lead to increased learning ability, improved memory, thinking, attention, perception, as well as activation of intellectual functions .

By the way, many manufacturing companies claim that such tools can significantly improve and accelerate cognitive skills (or However, these statements have never been scientifically confirmed.

Effects

According to manufacturers, nootropic drugs have the following effects on humans:

Are nootropic drugs effective for stroke prevention?

We figured out what kind of medicines these are. But this raises a new question about how effective they are in the treatment and prevention of strokes. It should be noted that this practice is subject to doubt. This is due to the fact that the use of nootropics in relation to such deviations has not been confirmed

Clinical Application

Before explaining why such drugs are used in official medicine, it should be noted that nootropic drugs are not sold in pharmacies without prescriptions from attending physicians. This is explained by the fact that they belong to the same drug group as strong psychostimulants.

Initially, the medications presented were used to treat brain disorders in elderly people with organic brain syndrome. Although in the last few years (usually in third world countries) they have become quite widely used in various fields of medicine, including surgery, pediatrics, psychiatry, neurology, narcology, as well as obstetric and geriatric practices.

Thus, nootropic drugs are used by doctors for:

Indications for children

In developing countries, the products presented are especially common in pediatrics. Thus, nootropic drugs are prescribed to children for:

mental retardation;
delayed speech and mental development;
cerebral palsy;
consequences of perinatal damage to the central nervous system;
attention deficit disorder.

Other indications for use

The best nootropic drug is the one that has a pronounced therapeutic effect and does not negatively affect the human body. It should be noted that such funds are sometimes used for:

stuttering (“Pantogam”, “Phenibut”);
correction of neuroleptic syndrome (“Hopantenic acid”, “Pyritinol”, “Deanol aceglumate”, “Pantogam”);
hyperkinesis (“Hopantenic acid”, “Phenibut”, “Memantine”);
urination disorder (“Pantogam”, “Nicotinoyl-GABA”);
sleep disorders (“Phenibut”, “Calcium gamma-hydroxybutyrate”, “Glycine”);
migraines (“Pyritinol”, “Nicotinoyl-GABA”, “Semax”);
dizziness (Ginkgo biloba, Phenibut, Piracetam);
for the prevention of motion sickness (GABA, Phenibut).

By the way, in ophthalmological practice, such drugs are used as part of combination therapy for open-angle glaucoma, vascular diseases of the retina and macula (“Nicotinoyl-GABA”), as well as senile and diabetic retinopathy (“Ginkgo biloba”).

Natural nootropics

In addition to medications, natural substances with similar properties are often used to obtain a therapeutic effect. Of course, natural nootropics are not as effective as pharmacological drugs, but within a few weeks after use, patients still begin to notice improvements in cognitive functions, etc.

The modern rhythm of life can easily unsettle you. Heavy loads at work and study negatively affect the state of the nervous system. To improve performance, there are special drugs that stimulate the human body and increase productivity. Nootropic drugs were created for people who have suffered traumatic brain injury and stroke. But, often, they are prescribed to healthy people to improve brain function and relieve stress on the nervous system. We have compiled a rating of the best new generation nootropic drugs that deserve respect and trust. .

The best nootropic drugs without additional effects

Nootropil is the best nootropic drug of the new generation, which is most often prescribed to patients experiencing memory problems. It stimulates certain areas of the brain and improves its activity. Nootropil is sold both in tablets and in solution for intravenous administration. Doctors recommend using a nootropin drug, not only for medical reasons, but also as a preventive measure, especially at times when stress levels are greatly increased. It does not dilate blood vessels, which is very good for teenagers and students who plan to improve brain activity during exam periods.

Pros:

Can be used during increased mental stress. For example, during exam periods, when stress and brain activity have the greatest impact on the nervous system;
Protects brain cells from hypoxia;
Can be given to schoolchildren;
Reduces stress levels, increases concentration and attention level.

Minuses:

Should not be used by people with renal failure or after a cerebral hemorrhage;
Improvements begin to be felt only after two weeks of use.

In official terms, Cavinton (vinpocetine) is in the category of drugs that improve blood circulation in the brain. But in terms of its chemical composition, it is also one of the best nootropic drugs of the new generation. The medicine can be used for a wide range of diseases, as well as in preventive measures to increase brain activity.

Pros:

Reduces stress levels and improves brain activity;
Can be used to improve concentration:
Sold in tablets and liquid form.

Minuses:

For elderly people with heart rhythm disturbances, it is not recommended.

Pantogam is the best new generation nootropic drug developed based on herbs. It has a positive effect on brain activity, improves thought processes and allows you to concentrate. The manufacturer assures that Pantogam is suitable even for children, especially schoolchildren during exam periods. Doctors also recommend this nootropic drug to people who are stressed and at the level of nervous exhaustion.

Pros:

An effective drug;
Suitable for children;
Herbal based.

Minuses:

Do not use for kidney problems, pregnant or breastfeeding mothers.

The best nootropic drug of the new generation, Semax, will appeal to customers who do not like swallowing pills, much less administering the medicine intravenously. It is instilled into the nose and affects proteins that interact with the nervous system. The drug begins to act instantly; immediately after administration, you feel an improvement in concentration and a decrease in stress levels. Semax is the best nootropic drug developed according to the most modern requirements.

Pros:

Convenient input method;
Valid for 24 hours after a single injection.

Minuses:

It should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding, and is also not recommended for people suffering from acute psychosis.

You can improve memory and increase intelligence with the help of nootropic drugs that affect brain functions and increase its performance.

They are used in various fields of medicine, which include pediatrics, neurology, narcology, psychiatry, and obstetrics. Today, the pharmaceutical market offers a large list of drugs, and your doctor will tell you which ones are best to take.

Indications for use

The therapeutic effect of nootropics is based on the following mechanisms:

increasing the rate of glucose utilization;
strengthening of proteins and ribonucleic acid synthesis;
increased synthesis of adenosine triphosphoric acid.

Thus, medications directly affect the metabolic processes of the central nervous system and bioenergetics, interacting with parts of the brain.

Nootropics have the following effects on the human body:

psychostimulant;
antiasthenic;
adaptogenic;
antiepileptic;
antidepressant;
immunostimulating;
sedative;
energetic.

Typically, these drugs are prescribed when the following ailments are detected:

drug addiction;
epilepsy;
ischemic stroke;
cerebral palsy;
neuroinfection;
chronic;
chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency;
migraine;

Nootropics are used as part of complex therapy for ophthalmic pathologies.

These drugs are also suitable for children with various disorders:

cerebral palsy;
damage to the central nervous system.

According to statistics, nootropics are prescribed to every third child.

List of latest generation drugs with prices

Important criteria for choosing a medicine are effectiveness, price, quality and safety. Below is a list of drugs by effectiveness:

(hopantenic acid). Widely used for children with encephalitis, enuresis, and residual brain damage. The main active ingredient is vitamin B15. The drug does not have a harmful effect on the human body. The effect occurs within a month of regular use. The course of treatment is up to six months. The drug costs about 240 rubles.
. Increases the body's resistance to stress and does not cause addiction.
Phenotropil does not contain psychotropic substances and has an antiamnestic effect. Price – approx. 450 rubles.
. It is often prescribed for the treatment of encephalopathy, cerebrovascular disease, dizziness, and memory development.
The full effect of taking it can be felt after 1-2 months. 60 tablets cost 61 ruble.
Vinpocetine. This is an inexpensive remedy that is beneficial for the brain and improves microcirculation in its vessels.
Vinpocetine lowers blood pressure and has an antioxidant effect. 30 tablets of 10 mg will cost approximately 75 rubles.
. Prescribed to patients with dysfunction of the vestibular apparatus, asthenia, and neuroses.
It has antiplatelet and psychostimulating effects. It is often prescribed to children for stuttering, sleep disturbances, and to prevent motion sickness. For 50 tablets you will have to pay about 250 rubles.
. Intended for the treatment of vascular and metabolic pathologies.
Available in the form of tablets and solution for injection. Costs about 1500 rubles.
Cerebrolysin . The nootropic drug is used to eliminate neurological and mental diseases, including Alzheimer's disease.
Sold as a solution for injection. Price starts from 1000 rubles.
Biotredin. Acts as a regulator of tissue metabolism, increases brain performance, and reduces emotional stress.
Price starts from 88 rubles.
Aminalon. Suitable for students and people whose activities involve memorizing large amounts of information.
The drug strengthens memory, improves sleep and begins to act almost immediately. Price – 165 rubles for 100 tablets.
. It is a nootropic that dilates blood vessels in the brain and is an analogue of Piracetam.
It has a tranquilizing effect and is not recommended for children under 3 years of age. For 30 tablets you will have to pay approximately 75 rubles.

In the case of a real-life pathology, nootropics with proven effectiveness can solve the problem and improve the patient’s well-being, but in case of an incorrect diagnosis, they will bring absolutely nothing but side effects.

They are a group of psychotropic drugs that can increase the stability of the human nervous system. They help to quickly solve problems with injuries, oxygen deprivation, poisoning, severe physical exertion, and insomnia.

How do nootropics enhance brain capabilities?

Medicines of this type directly affect various functions of the brain, bring them into activity and make the mind and memory processes work. These medications can facilitate the interaction of both hemispheres and the main centers that are located on the cerebral cortex. To achieve the desired effect, nootropics perform the following actions:

stabilization of cell membranes;
increased glucose utilization;
elimination of oxidation processes;
activation of protein and ATP formation.

What are the harms of using nootropics?

Such drugs do not pose a serious threat to the human body, since they do not affect any important functions. But at the same time, they have a number of contraindications and side effects, which should definitely be studied before using medications.

Prohibited conditions when taking nootropics include:

age up to three years;
problems with the endocrine system;
allergic reactions to the component composition;
severe renal failure;
period of gestation or breastfeeding.

As for side effects, they are quite rare, since most patients tolerate these medications well. In certain situations the following reactions occur:

drowsiness throughout the day;
allergies;
sudden change in blood pressure;
dyspeptic pathologies;
nervousness.

Top 20 best nootropics. List of drugs by effectiveness

A fairly effective and completely safe remedy can have a beneficial effect on the brain, improving blood circulation and its activity.

This drug does not dilate blood vessels, strengthens the neuromuscular connection and utilizes glucose.

Another advantage of the nootropic is its positive effect on the learning process and improved memorization of information.

As for the shortcomings, buyers highlight only one nuance - the effect is not noticed immediately, but only after a couple of weeks from the moment you start taking the drug.

2. Phenotropil

The tablets have anti-amnesic properties, improve mood and increase the human body’s resistance to stressful conditions.

They are prescribed by specialists in cases of depression, convulsive conditions, chronic alcoholism, as well as neurotic problems. The drug is famous for its ability to improve vision and facilitate the learning process. In addition, it replenishes energy reserves in the consumer’s body.

In addition to contraindications for use, the nootropic has one more disadvantage - it can only be purchased with a doctor’s prescription.

3. Combitropil

The product, sold in capsule form, contains cinnarizine and piracetam, which ensures its increased effectiveness.

It has not only a nootropic, but also a vasodilator effect.

Among the negative qualities, only caution is noted when taking the drug for a long time, as side effects may occur.

4. Biotredin

The drug helps improve memory, concentration and attention, helps reduce the craving for alcohol, and also eliminates headaches of any type. It is also important in the metabolism of nucleic acids, as it improves it almost instantly.

Patients also like the remedy for increasing clarity of consciousness, discovering the hidden capabilities of the brain, a state of wakefulness and increased vitality.

The disadvantages include the incompatibility of the drug with other antipsychotic tablets, as well as an additional contraindication - hypersensitivity to vitamin B.

5. Calcium hopantenate

This remedy achieves its beneficial effect on the brain thanks to the main active substance, which is hopantenic acid.

The nootropic has anticonvulsant and analgesic properties, helps improve concentration and memory, and also accelerates blood flow in the brain. It does not contain toxic elements and is well tolerated by the body.

The negative aspects include the enhanced effect of sedative pills and a prescription from a doctor upon purchase.

This excellent corrector of blood circulation in the brain is liked by both doctors and patients for its high efficiency and ability to improve mental activity in a short time.

The downside is the fact that when the drug is prescribed intravenously, it must be administered slowly, which not every person can do on their own.

A medicine with an analgesic, nootropic and tranquilizing effect improves metabolic processes in tissues, copes well with mental disorders and helps reduce anxiety.

Moreover, the product helps to increase the resistance of the human brain to oxygen starvation and the adverse effects of toxins.

As for the disadvantages of this drug, they all boil down to only the main side effects and contraindications.

The product in the form of drops stimulates the energy processes of the brain and increases its resistance to various stresses and hypoxia.

It is absorbed quite quickly, does not affect hormonal levels and is not harmful to health. It is also worth noting the neurometabolic effect of the nootropic, which is pronounced even when taking drops in minimal doses.

The downside is irritation of the nasal mucosa if you use the product for too long.

9. Acefen

The good thing about the composition is that it helps improve blood supply to the brain, eliminate depression, activate cognitive activity, and also develop the body’s resistance to lack of oxygen and toxic effects. It also has an antihypoxic effect and calms the nervous system.

Speaking about the disadvantages of the drug, it is worth mentioning not only the need for a prescription from a doctor when purchasing, but also the fact that in patients with schizophrenia who take this drug, hallucinations begin to appear more often and their duration increases.

10. Cogitum

This type of nootropic has gained popularity due to its relief in the condition of patients with cerebral palsy, restoration of the functioning of the nervous system, and the ability to take it not only with water, but also with other drinks.

Its negative quality is hyperactivity or excessive tearfulness in children taking the drug, although such phenomena are rarely observed.

11. Glycine

The well-known calming tablets are famous for the fact that they are approved for use by both adults and children.

In addition, they are available without a prescription and are affordable for everyone. The product calms the nerves, makes cognitive functions work, activates thought processes and speeds up memorization.

In addition, its components quickly penetrate into tissues, so you don’t have to wait long for a positive effect.

12. Vinpocetine

An excellent nootropic is designed to dilate blood vessels and improve microcirculation, which makes it effective. It provides the brain tissue with the necessary nutrients and oxygen.

Moreover, this remedy lowers blood pressure, bringing it back to normal, and also thins the blood.

The drug even has an antioxidant effect.

13. Phenibut

This drug plays a vital role in stimulating the brain.

It normalizes blood circulation, improves night sleep, eliminates daytime drowsiness, has antioxidant properties, and also has a beneficial effect on memory and concentration. In addition, the tablets help improve the emotional stability of the central nervous system.

The only drawback of this drug is the fact that it cannot be purchased without a prescription.

A medicine with antidepressant and anti-anxiety properties strengthens the human nervous system and improves memory. It is well tolerated by both adults and children, so this drug is used more often in pediatrics and for the elderly.

This nootropic is quite effective and does not pose any particular harm to health if you adhere to contraindications and do not ignore the doctor’s recommendations.

Among the disadvantages, experts note the fact that in case of severe disorders of the nervous system, the medication does not have any effect.

15. Cerebrolysin

A high-quality nootropic helps bring the brain into activity, restores the “foothold” and makes it possible to speed up the process of development of mental activity in children. In addition, it improves speech skills.

The disadvantage is the occurrence of convulsions as a result of incorrect injection.

16. Piracetam

It is not for nothing that this drug is included in the list of leaders.

It is prescribed specifically for the treatment of memory problems, intellectual disabilities, as well as psychoorganic syndrome, which entails frequent dizziness.

The main advantage of this remedy is the sensitive functioning of the brain after administration.

If the dosage specified in the instructions is increased, a change in physiological state is possible (from excessive agitation to severe drowsiness and vice versa), which is the main disadvantage.

17. Pantogam

The nootropic has a gentle effect on the nervous system and is approved for use by adults and children.

In the first case, tablets are prescribed, in the second - syrup. It helps the body cope with decreased mental performance, as well as schizophrenia.

Side effects when taking it are extremely rare.

18. Cortexin

An excellent drug without third-party reactions is famous for its low toxicity and lack of disadvantages, with the exception of high cost.

The tablets effectively combat cerebral circulatory disorders, epileptic seizures and decreased learning ability.

This nootropic is usually prescribed to children.

19. Picamilon

A drug with fairly powerful antiplatelet, antioxidant and tranquilizing properties helps improve brain performance in a short time.

It perfectly regulates mental capabilities and calms the nerves.

20. Pramiracetam

The list of leaders is completed by a product included in the category of racetams.

It has a positive effect on intelligence, concentration and memory. As for side effects, they appear very rarely when taking these tablets, and are also mildly expressed.

It also has an excellent effect on the cognitive capabilities of the brain, which is a significant advantage.

Remember, self-medication is dangerous; consult a doctor for advice on the use of any medications.

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Nootropic drugs are of great relevance. Although the first nootropic drug, Piracetam, was synthesized back in 1964, it is only now that means for improving the brain activity of this group have become public, especially among schoolchildren, students and the elderly. Nootropics have virtually no side effects, the most obvious being overexcitability, which can manifest itself in either hyperactivity or panic attacks. The reviews note that to obtain such negative effects, it is necessary to use a very large dosage of the drug; in all other cases, this is nothing more than self-hypnosis.

As a standard, to obtain the desired effect, namely improving brain function, increasing learning ability, and concentration, it is important to take a course of at least a week to obtain the first noticeable changes. At the same time, it is not enough to simply take the drug and expect new knowledge to appear out of nowhere, some kind of enlightenment. It is necessary to constantly use logic, read some information and the like. This is exactly how nootropic drugs can help, for example, the same students before exams; the student must surround himself with the necessary educational literature and begin to study it. Thanks to the effect of improving blood circulation and oxygen saturation of brain cells, information is better remembered and absorbed.

Nootropics are relevant not only for advanced youth, but also for older people. With age, brain cells begin to actively die, and therefore, symptoms of senile insanity, sclerosis and other age-related diseases associated with brain activity may appear. The elderly body needs help, saturating it with useful elements, and it is nootropics that can significantly improve the overall picture of the life activity of an elderly person.

Nootropic drugs are often prescribed to patients with traumatic brain injury, as well as to children with delayed speech and mental development. In the first case, nootropics will help restore the functioning of the brain, set it in the same way, and in the second, when the child does not want to start talking or does not show success in learning, the nootropic will allow you to concentrate on new information and broaden your horizons. Another indication for the use of these drugs may be alcohol dependence.

Reviews on the Internet and general reputation;
Opinion of medical representatives;
Value for money;
Trust level;
Safety.

There are contraindications. Consult your doctor.

The best budget nootropics

5 Biotredin

Fights alcohol addiction
Country Russia
Average price: 120 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.7

Biotredin is an effective remedy used to treat alcohol withdrawal symptoms. The drug reduces a person's desire to drink alcohol. The drug reduces psycho-emotional arousal, improves memory and has a positive effect on intellectual performance. From reviews on the Internet, you can understand that this drug is mainly prescribed to people who abuse alcohol and suffer from physical and psychological alcohol dependence.

The drug is also used to improve memory and intellectual activity in children and adolescents. The drug is contraindicated in people with high sensitivity to vitamin B6. Under no circumstances should you take Biotredin simultaneously with alcohol or while intoxicated.

4 Piracetam

The most popular
Country Russia
Average price: 55 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8

Piracetam is recognized as one of the best modern nootropic drugs. It is used to accelerate metabolic processes and the propagation of impulses in the cerebral cortex, has a beneficial effect on intellectual abilities and memory development, significantly increases the brain's resistance to toxin poisoning, and accelerates the processing of glucose. Helps improve interaction between the hemispheres of the brain. Improves cerebral blood flow without creating, however, a vasodilating effect.

"Piracetam" is recommended to be taken for weakened memory, dizziness, decreased attentiveness and learning disabilities in children. Elderly people are recommended to take the drug for therapeutic purposes. This drug is contraindicated in people with hypersensitivity, severe renal failure, children under one year of age and pregnant women. Also, Piracetam should not be used for hemorrhagic stroke.

3 Picamilon

Relieves older people from migraines
Country Russia
Average price: 100 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8

"Picamilon" refers to nootropic drugs that have a tranquilizing, psychostimulating and antioxidant effect. Positively affects brain function by improving tissue metabolism and affecting cerebral circulation. A course of taking the drug increases physical and intellectual activity, reduces headaches, improves memory, and helps reduce feelings of anxiety and tension. Improves blood circulation in the vessels of the retina and optic nerve.

Helps patients with minor motor and speech disorders, reduces the negative impact of toxins on the central nervous system. The drug is used as part of complex therapy to prevent migraines in older people and with cerebrovascular accidents. According to experts, the drug is one of the best in the treatment of severe alcohol and drug addiction. Picamilon is contraindicated for people suffering from kidney disease and hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

2 Phenibut

Relieves anxiety
Country Russia
Average price: 150 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.9

Phenibut is a prescription nootropic drug that has a strong anxiolytic effect, reducing excitability, anxiety and fear. Prolongs and enhances the effect of using sleeping pills. When used as a course, it has a positive effect on a person’s physical and intellectual activity, helps improve memory, and restores healthy sleep.

Usually prescribed to children with stuttering and enuresis, elderly people suffering from insomnia and night anxiety. Also, this remedy is often used as part of complex therapy for those suffering from alcohol withdrawal syndrome. According to experts, the drug is contraindicated for pregnant women and children under three years of age. Should be taken with caution in case of gastric ulcers and liver failure. The drug is taken as prescribed by a doctor and is sold by prescription.

1 Glycine

The best ratio of price and quality
Country Russia
Average price: 30 rub.
Rating (2019): 5.0

Glycine is an amino acid produced by the human body. "Glycine" is a natural drug that helps improve memory and mental activity. Reduces human conflict, improves the ability to socially adapt. The use of this remedy allows you to normalize sleep, which is especially important for older people. Also, this amino acid restores the functions of the central nervous system after toxic poisoning with alcohol or other medications.

It is recommended to take “Glycine” during stressful situations, problems at work or study, decreased mental performance and diseases of the nervous system, expressed by high excitability, sleep problems and emotional instability. Since glycine is a natural product, it has no special contraindications, the exception being personal sensitivity to the components of the drug.

The best nootropic drugs in the mid-price category

5 Pantogam

Neutralizes psycho-emotional overloads
Country Russia
Average price: 640 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.6

“Pantogam” significantly increases the brain’s resistance to hypoxia and the effects of toxic substances on the central nervous system, and stimulates anabolic processes in neurons. Reduces excitability and has a positive effect on human social behavior. Effectively affects intellectual activity and activity.

The drug is widely used in medicine: to neutralize the effects of psycho-emotional overload, for neurotic disorders caused by traumatic brain injuries, for decreased intellectual and physical activity, loss of concentration and attention. "Pantogam" is contraindicated for pregnant women, people suffering from serious kidney diseases and persons under 18 years of age.

4 Nootropil

Accelerates the propagation of neural impulses
Country: Belgium
Average price: 330 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.7

“Nootropil” is a nootropic drug that helps improve memory, increase concentration and activates mental activity. The medicine stabilizes metabolic processes in nerve cells, has a beneficial effect on the central nervous system, increasing the speed of propagation of neural impulses in the brain. The drug is excellent for eliminating the consequences of ischemic stroke.

Can be effectively used for the rehabilitation of patients who have suffered traumatic brain injury or toxic brain poisoning. In particular, it can be used to improve learning ability in children. Not recommended for people with cerebrovascular accidents, renal failure or those with increased sensitivity to the components of the drug. Also contraindicated in children under three years of age.

3 Intellan

Herbal Ingredients
Country: Pakistan
Average price: 175 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8

"Intellan" is a preparation made from plant elements containing bioactive amino acids, vitamins and other important microelements. It has a positive effect on memory, mental activity, and actively combats anxiety and depression. According to experts, Intellan does not affect a person’s ability to perform, which makes it one of the best nootropic drugs for car owners.

The drug is used for decreased mental activity, neurotic syndromes associated with mental illness, memory loss and absent-mindedness, as well as depression and anxiety. "Intellan" is contraindicated for persons under eighteen years of age and pregnant women. The drug should not be taken by those suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system, with sucrose deficiency and fructose intolerance. During an exacerbation of mental illness, the drug is also contraindicated.

2 Semax

The best nasal drug
Country Russia
Average price: 600 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.9

"Semax" is a unique peptide drug whose hormonal activity is zero. It has a positive effect on the processes of perception of the surrounding world, improves learning ability and attentiveness. Promotes rapid adaptation of the central nervous system to the effects of anesthesia. It is a prescription drug and is used only as prescribed by a specialist.

As a rule, it is used to treat people who have suffered an ischemic stroke, as well as for rehabilitation after traumatic brain injuries and severe anesthesia. It has long been used in pediatrics to treat brain dysfunction in children over five years of age. Semax cannot be prescribed to children under five years of age and pregnant women. It is important to note that the drug is contraindicated for people in a state of acute mental disorder accompanied by an acute feeling of anxiety.

1 Cavinton

Targeted effect on damaged areas of the central nervous system
Country Russia
Average price: 250 rub.
Rating (2019): 5.0

Cavinton has a beneficial effect on cerebral circulation, reduces blood viscosity and promotes the passage of oxygen through the tissues of the central nervous system. At the same time, the drug does not affect a person’s total blood pressure and pulse rate. The peculiarity of this remedy is that it selectively acts on the damaged area of the central nervous system. The product is used and sold only by prescription.

The ability for targeted effects, called “reverse steal,” makes Cavinton one of the best drugs for treating the consequences of stroke, vascular dementia and cerebrovascular accidents. Also used to treat choroid and retina, and even to treat Meniere's disease. The drug is contraindicated in women during pregnancy, persons under 18 years of age, people suffering from arrhythmia, coronary heart disease and those having an acute phase of hemorrhagic stroke.

The best nootropic drugs: budget from 750 rubles

5 Cortexin

The most versatile
Country Russia
Average price: 780 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.7

"Cortexin" has a positive effect on the central and peripheral nervous systems. The drug improves memory, attentiveness and learning ability, counteracts the effects of stressful situations on the nervous system, and reduces the impact of toxic substances on brain cells. This nootropic is often used in medicine to eliminate the consequences of traumatic brain injury, circulatory disorders and epilepsy.

The drug has gained great popularity among parents of children with delayed psychomotor and speech development. The medicine is also widely known among students during exam periods, when learning and attentiveness deteriorate. Cortexin is not recommended for pregnant women due to the lack of accurate clinical trial data. Contraindicated in case of high personal sensitivity to the components of the drug.

4 Encephabol

Combats mental retardation in children
Country: India
Average price: 750 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8

"Encephabol" accelerates metabolism in the brain, increasing the rate of glucose utilization. Stabilizes blood circulation in ischemic areas of the brain. The drug restores impaired metabolic functions in the nervous tissue, which has a beneficial effect on improving memory, alertness and the general tone of the central nervous system. "Encephabol" shows good results in the treatment of systematic decreases in mental activity.

This remedy helps get rid of the consequences of encephalitis, and is also used in pediatrics in the treatment of cerebroasthenic syndrome and mental retardation in children. "Encephabol" is contraindicated in renal failure, liver disease and autoimmune diseases. May cause allergic reactions in people highly sensitive to pyritinol.

3 Phenotropil

Relieves stress
Country Russia
Average price: 1000 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8

"Phenotropil" is a nootropic drug that improves blood supply to the brain, thinking ability, memory and attentiveness. This drug also increases the resistance of the central nervous system to the effects of stressful situations. It is used for insufficient cerebral circulation, neurosis, depression and to neutralize the effects of alcohol and drug use.

It is possible to take the drug prophylactically by people whose activities are associated with high psychophysical tension. "Phenotropil" is contraindicated for use in severe kidney and liver diseases, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension and high sensitivity to pyrrolidone group compounds. If a person has experienced a panic attack or severe psychotic states in the past, then the use of this drug is also contraindicated for him.

2 Pramiracetam

Restores cognitive functions of the brain
Country: Germany
Average price: 3500 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.9

Pramiracetam is a nootropic drug from the racetam group. The effectiveness of this remedy has not been fully proven, but, according to experts, it has a positive effect on increasing intellectual activity and cognitive functions of the brain. Improves memory, concentration and alertness. To achieve the full effect, it is recommended to take this drug for four to eight weeks.

As follows from the above, Pramiracetam should be taken if there is a decrease in mental performance, loss of concentration and memory problems. Elderly people are recommended to take the drug for therapeutic purposes. Like other nootropics, Pramiracetam has no special contraindications. Reviews rarely write about side effects, but when the dosage was significantly exceeded in the first days of the course, patients reported complaints of headache, insomnia, anxiety, nervousness and tremor.

1 Cogitum

Best stimulating effect
Country: France
Average price: 4500 rub.
Rating (2019): 5.0

"Cogitum" has a beneficial effect on metabolic processes in nerve tissues and has a stimulating effect. Increases physical activity and immunity. The drug is able to accelerate the removal of ammonia from the body during intoxication with this substance, and slightly reduce radioactive exposure. It is often used as part of complex therapy for asthenic syndrome, as well as for depressive and neurotic conditions of mild severity.

"Cogitum" increases the overall endurance of the central nervous system. Contraindicated for people with high personal sensitivity to acetylaminosuccinic acid and other components of the drug. It is not recommended for pregnant women and children under seven, due to the lack of clinical studies with this group of patients.