Examination of the abdominal area using x-rays. X-ray of the abdominal organs. Why do you need an x-ray of the abdominal cavity and how is it performed? Radiography - overview image of the abdominal cavity

Abdominal X-ray is an examination of the abdominal organs that allows you to assess the condition of the stomach, liver, spleen, intestines and diaphragm. Abdominal x-rays can also detect some bladder and kidney problems. Most often, two x-rays are taken from different angles.

X-rays are made possible by special radioactive beams that can penetrate most objects, including the human body. The image obtained using x-rays is developed on film or displayed on a computer screen. Dense tissues, such as bones, block more radiation, which is why they appear white on an X-ray. Less dense tissues - such as internal organs - block less X-rays, so they appear gray.

Abdominal x-ray- one of the first tests that will help identify the cause of abdominal pain or bloating, nausea or vomiting. Intravenous pyelography, CT scan, or abdominal ultrasound are used for further investigation.

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2. Why perform an X-ray examination of the abdominal cavity and preparation for the examination

An X-ray of the abdominal organs is performed to:

Find out the cause of pain or bloating.
Find out the cause of pain in the lower back or side.
Find out the location of the liver, kidneys and spleen.
Detect stones in the kidneys, gall bladder and other organs.
Detect an object swallowed or accidentally introduced into the abdominal cavity.
Check the location of medical instruments (drainage tubes, catheters, shunts).

Preparing for an abdominal x-ray

Before having an abdominal x-ray, consult your doctor. Women should tell their doctor if they are pregnant. X-ray examination of organs can negatively affect the fetus, so an abdominal ultrasound is usually performed instead.

Before the procedure itself, you will be asked to remove all jewelry and piercings: they may be in the path of the X-rays. It is better to undergo an abdominal x-ray with an empty bladder.

3. How is an X-ray examination of the abdominal cavity performed?

Abdominal X-rays are taken and interpreted by special doctors (radiologists), although many other doctors can also do this.

During the procedure, you will need to remove your clothing and lie on your back. Sometimes a special apron is placed on the pelvic area to protect against radioactive radiation. The internal genital organs of women, however, cannot be protected with its help, because... are too close to the abdominal organs.

While the x-ray is being taken, you will need to hold your breath and lie still. The procedure is absolutely painless and will not cause you any discomfort.

Often two x-rays are taken: in a vertical (standing) and horizontal (lying) position. An upright X-ray allows you to see a perforation of the stomach or intestines.

An x-ray of the abdomen may be done at the same time as a chest x-ray.

An abdominal x-ray is performed quickly - the procedure takes from 5 to 10 minutes.

4. Risks of X-rays and what you should know about?

Remember that with any x-ray examination there is a small chance of tissue or cell damage from radiation. But in the vast majority of cases, the procedure does not cause any harm to health.

What's worth knowing?

The results of abdominal x-rays taken at different times may vary slightly depending on the equipment and where you had them. Usually, X-ray examination is only the first step towards identifying diseases of the abdominal organs. To accurately diagnose the disease, endoscopy, CT, MRI, abdominal ultrasound, intravenous pyelography or other tests may be needed. Do not forget that An abdominal x-ray may not detect many diseases, for example, a bleeding stomach ulcer.

X-ray of the abdominal organs allows us to identify a wide range of pathologies . Includes examination of the following organs: liver, stomach, intestines, pancreas, ureter, lymphatic system, gall bladder and blood vessels.

If there are indications for the procedure, the patient can go to the clinic at his place of residence or to a private clinic with a convenient location, modern equipment and experienced radiologists. The most effective is an examination with the introduction of a contrast agent.

What does it show?

genetic developmental abnormalities;
oncological diseases of various internal organs;
abnormal accumulations of fluids;
abscesses in the retroperitoneal space;
blocked intestinal lumens as a result of the formation of polyps and cysts of different sizes;
causes of acute abdominal syndrome;
stones in the liver and kidneys;
inflamed areas in the intestines;
foci of infection in the pancreas;
consequences of abdominal and spinal injuries;
intussusception;
gallbladder pathology.

Indications and contraindications

Among the main reasons to prescribe an abdominal x-ray to a patient are:

Previously diagnosed cholelithiasis.
Pronounced signs of cholecystitis.
Excessively enlarged abdomen.
Recent injuries.
Suspicion of inflammation of appendicitis.
Germination of one part of the intestine into another.
Ischemic disease of the colon.
Diverticulitis.
Progressive intestinal obstruction.
Palpable lumps and neoplasms in the peritoneal area.

Despite the effectiveness of the method for primary and differential diagnosis, X-rays should not be taken for pregnant and nursing mothers, children under 14 years of age, as well as patients with severe chronic pathologies of internal organs.

Contraindications for contrast radiography are:

cystic fibrosis;
bronchial asthma;
prolonged diarrhea and/or vomiting;
acute phase of ulcerative colitis;
perforation of the gastrointestinal tract.

What is plain abdominal radiography?

Targeted diagnostics is practiced with confirmed pathology of a specific organ, and to assess the condition of the abdominal cavity as a whole, a survey x-ray is required.

It is especially useful in the presence of perforated areas, allowing you to identify free gas and find where the intestinal wall has ruptured. In addition, it is prescribed to assess the prevalence of large tumors and determine the degree of intestinal obstruction.

Patients with suspected or already diagnosed pancreatitis, cholecystitis, nephrolithiasis, diverticulitis, and severe pain are referred for a contrast study.

How to prepare?

Before going for an x-ray, you should get individual preparation recommendations from your attending physician. If a contrast agent will not be administered, then no special preliminary measures are needed. The only caveat is that you need to come to the procedure after emptying your bladder.

General rules when preparing for x-rays with the introduction of contrast:

give up brown bread and dairy products 24 hours in advance (pasta and lean meats are allowed);
the last half day before the procedure, eat only liquid food;
cleanse the intestines in two hours - on the advice of a doctor, you need to do an enema or take a laxative;
do not eat before visiting the clinic (if possible, then do not drink anything);
refuse (if the doctor has allowed) from taking medications.

How do they do it?

The procedure takes about ten to fifteen minutes and does not cause much discomfort to the patient. Be sure to take off your watches and jewelry, and also free your upper body from clothing. The position in which irradiation occurs depends on the type of device and medical indications - in some cases you will need to lie on a table, and in others you will need to sit down.

Your doctor will tell you in detail how an X-ray with contrast is performed and will be repeated by the radiologist at the diagnostic center immediately before starting, but in general the only difference from the classic version is the introduction of a contrast agent.

There are two methods of administration: orally or through a special probe. Once in the body, barium fills those areas that were previously not visible on the images, providing maximum visualization of the organs.

Alternatives to barium include air, water-soluble medications, and nitrous oxide. The choice of contrast depends on the expected pathology of individual sensitivity to drugs. In some cases, patients undergo fluoroscopy to monitor stretching, displacement and contraction of the internal walls.

After the necessary images are obtained, the doctor allows you to get up from the table and get dressed. Additional measures are not required to remove the contrast agent from the body - it will be released along with the feces.

Can this be done for children?

For children under 14 years of age, doctors recommend using ultrasound for diagnostic purposes, but this method is not always sufficiently informative and can replace x-rays. For children, X-ray examinations are carried out exclusively as prescribed by a doctor in the absence of other options for detecting pathology and in the presence of clear indications, such as:

intestinal obstruction;
peritonitis;
congenital structural anomalies;
serious dysfunction of the kidneys or ureters;
suspicion of an oncological process.

In the practice of treating children, survey radiography of the abdominal organs is used - it is performed on the recommendation of a surgeon, gastroenterologist or oncologist. Based on the images, the doctor can detect free gases, tears and perforations, foreign objects, areas of obstruction, ascites and urolithiasis. Timely diagnosis can save a child’s life, so you should not refuse a test if the doctor has prescribed it.

How and who issues the conclusion?

The duration of decoding depends on the type of equipment used and the level of qualification of the doctor. Digital research involves the delivery of results in 10-15 minutes, and if you need to develop the film, then the conclusion of the radiologist (he is the one who evaluates the images) is provided in a couple of days.

Guided by the specialist’s conclusions, the attending physician decides whether additional research is needed, what diagnosis and what treatment methods to use to restore the patient’s health.

It is simply impossible to imagine modern medicine without such a simple and at the same time important branch as radiology diagnostics. Radiation diagnostic methods include: X-ray, radionuclide, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, thermography, interventional radiology. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages and is used to diagnose various diseases, either independently or in combination with others.

The ancestor of all radiation diagnostic methods can safely be called radiography. Radiography is a method of x-ray examination during which an object of interest is visualized on a solid medium under the influence of x-rays passing through human tissues of varying densities and structures.

For almost a hundred years, X-ray images were obtained exclusively on special X-ray films. At the moment, digital visualization methods have become increasingly widespread. Using computer technology, they allow you to process, save and instantly transmit high-quality X-ray images to specialists anywhere in the world.

Modern radiography is widely used to examine the musculoskeletal, respiratory, reproductive systems and even the abdominal organs.

What is an X-ray examination of the abdominal cavity and its types?

An X-ray examination of the abdominal cavity is a projection of the internal organs, based on the ability of the organs of the human body to reflect X-ray radiation differently. That is, X-rays passing from the beam gun of an X-ray machine to a special X-ray film encounter an obstacle in the form of a human body. They are reflected differently from different organs and structures and therefore reach the film cassette with varying degrees of power, which is what we see in the picture.

How X-rays work

Unfortunately, parenchymal organs do not have the same reflective ability as, for example, bone tissue, so their visualization is much lower. To enhance the image of the organs of interest, special contrast agents are introduced to “illuminate” the person from the inside. On this basis, radiography of the abdominal cavity is divided into survey (without the use of contrast agents) and contrast (with their use).

Contrast radiography of the abdominal cavity

Contrast radiography is actively used to detect pathological narrowings and dilations, ulcerations, perforations and tumors of the hollow organs of the digestive tract. For this, barium sulfate powder is used, which is insoluble in water and human body fluids and at the same time is capable of absorbing X-rays.

A barium suspension is taken orally before the study, after which, after certain time intervals, a series of images is taken to visualize the relevant organs and structures. Also, air or nitric oxide is sometimes used as a contrast, which enhances the contrast of organs during radiography.

Plain X-ray examination of the abdominal cavity

Plain radiography of the abdominal cavity is a cheap, simple, fast and reliable method for diagnosing a number of surgical diseases. The method allows you to display the condition of the main organs and structures of the abdominal cavity, but it is indicative.

This means that survey radiography can reveal predominantly nonspecific changes in the body, that is, find gross disturbances characteristic of a number of pathologies, and indicate in which organ the problem should be looked for.

To establish a more accurate diagnosis, doctors use other methods. For example, a survey X-ray of the abdominal organs reveals a dense formation in the projection of the left kidney, and to clarify whether it is calcification or a stone, an ultrasound examination is performed. The advantage of the method is the breadth of area coverage and the ability to be used everywhere.

Indications

Most often, plain radiography of the abdominal cavity is performed to diagnose emergency surgical pathology. Usually these are penetrating abdominal wounds, intra-abdominal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, and abscess formation.

The method is effective for identifying dense structures - kidney stones, gallstones, and bladder stones. In some cases, it is possible to determine the occurrence of tumor processes.

Preparation

Preparation for plain radiography is often not required at all. In some cases, it is recommended to empty your bladder before the procedure. In addition, you need to remove all metal items (belts, chains, metal fasteners) that may cause interference.

Preparing for a contrast examination is a little more complicated. Before contrast radiography, a special diet is required, excluding foods that increase gas formation in the intestines - cabbage, legumes, black bread.

12 hours before the test, solid food intake is stopped, and a cleansing enema is performed 1-2 hours before the test. In addition, on the day of the examination it is recommended to refrain from smoking and chewing gum.

Carrying out radiography

An X-ray of the abdominal cavity is performed in a standing or lying position (and sometimes in both positions sequentially) on a special couch. The patient is dressed, but all metal objects have been removed. The radiologist adjusts the position of the screen to take a targeted image. The examination takes from one to several minutes, which the subject must remain motionless.

To perform a contrast study, before the procedure begins, the patient drinks an aqueous suspension of barium sulfate, after which a series of images are taken depending on the organ of interest:

After 1 hour, barium enters the small intestine.
After 3 hours, the transition from the small intestine to the large intestine begins.
After 6 hours it enters the colon.
After 9 hours it passes through the transverse colon.
After 12 hours it passes into the sigmoid colon.
After 24 hours it goes through the rectum.

Detected pathologies and their radiographic signs

The results of the radiographs are assessed by a radiologist. When assessing the results of radiography, first of all, the presence of gas in the free abdominal cavity is determined, which is a sign of rupture of a hollow organ.

In the upright position of the patient, the gas is located highest in the abdominal cavity and can move with changes in body position. The favorite place for gas bubbles to accumulate is under the diaphragm dome. A large amount of gas can displace internal organs, especially intestinal loops. Pneumoperitonium can be detected by placing the patient on his left side. In this case, gas collects in a pocket between the liver and the anterior abdominal wall, which is clearly visible on the x-ray.

Free fluid in the abdominal cavity indicates the presence of bleeding due to injury, tumor or destructive processes. Unlike air, under the influence of gravity, liquid flows down and accumulates in the pockets and spaces of the abdominal cavity. Free fluid must be looked for in the space between the colon and the anterior abdominal wall, which is visualized on lateral x-rays as a high-intensity ribbon-like formation.

Stones are not always visible on abdominal images. An important condition for their visualization is the presence of calcium salts in the composition of the stone. The radiologist indicates their shape, size and relationship with the abdominal organs.

Intestinal obstruction has its own special radiological sign - Kloiber cups. They are sections of the intestine that are partially filled with liquid and partially filled with gas. They look like inverted bowls with two-layer contents, which are fixed in a horizontal position of the patient.

The predominance of the vertical size of the “cups” indicates a pathology of the large intestine, but if the horizontal size is increased, this is a sign of small intestinal obstruction. Kloiber's bowls indicate the neglect of the process.

An X-ray of the abdominal organs can reveal a liver abscess. Its signs are as follows: limited mobility of the right dome of the diaphragm; effusion is often detected in the right pleural cavity. The mature abscess itself looks like a round formation, half filled with liquid and half with gas.

Plain radiography is not a specific method for identifying neoplasms of the abdominal organs, but in some cases it can detect tumors ranging in size from several centimeters.

X-rays are often used to detect foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in children, who often like to swallow needles, coins, and small toys. However, it should be remembered that not all swallowed objects will be reflected by X-rays. For example, glass that has entered the gastrointestinal tract is almost impossible to detect.

Contrast radiography allows you to assess the patency and degree of narrowing of parts of the gastrointestinal tract, assess the condition of the walls, in certain situations, identify neoplasms compressing the walls of the stomach and intestines.

Further actions

The radiologist draws up a conclusion based on the obtained radiograph. The attending physician is familiarized with the results of the examination. Based on them, taking into account the history, examination and laboratory data, he makes a diagnosis and plans further tactics - conservative, surgical treatment, or continuing the examination with other methods if there is insufficient information content.

Conclusion

As practice shows, abdominal x-ray is an important addition when examining patients with acute surgical pathology, and not using it would be a serious mistake. However, despite the simplicity, speed of obtaining results and the availability of plain radiography of the abdominal cavity, the method also has a number of disadvantages.

Due to radiation exposure, it is extremely undesirable for children, pregnant women, and patients with diseases of the hematopoietic system. A contrast study is not performed if perforation of the stomach or intestines, intestinal obstruction, vomiting, or bronchial asthma is suspected. In such situations, ultrasound examination is a reasonable substitute.

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Radiography is a traditional diagnostic method that is based on exposure to a small dose of x-rays. This allows you to see a projection image of the abdominal organs.

The most common methods are contrast radiography and plain abdominal x-ray.

The disadvantage of X-ray examination is that soft tissue cannot reflect the rays, so the full picture of many organs remains unknown.

Indications

The doctor may prescribe an x-ray examination of the abdominal organs in the following cases:

Preparing the patient for the procedure

For a plain abdominal x-ray, no special preparation is required. But before visiting the treatment room, you must empty your bladder.

If the procedure is carried out using barium, then in this case it is necessary:

The day before the procedure, vegetables, dairy products, and rye bread are excluded from the diet. Products that can be consumed: lean meat, fish, white bread, pasta;
12 hours before the x-ray, all food that enters the body must be of liquid consistency;
To achieve high quality images, the stomach must be empty on the day of the procedure., so eating is not recommended. This also applies to medications;
2 hours before the procedure, the intestines are cleansed using laxative suppositories (Glycerin, Bisacodyl) or by performing an enema;
Also, in order to cleanse the intestines, the drug Fortrans is used before the procedure. The product must be taken in the evening. One packet of the drug is dissolved in a liter of boiled chilled or still mineral water. It is prescribed at the rate of 1 liter of solution per 20 kg of weight. The solution is drunk over 3-4 hours, 250 ml every 15 minutes.

Carrying out radiography

During the procedure, the patient must remove his jewelry; sometimes, as directed by the doctor, it is necessary to undress to the waist. Depending on which device is used to perform the procedure, the patient will need to stand or lie on a special table in front of the device.

The person should not move for several minutes. Often the examination is carried out in both a sitting and lying position; in this case, it is necessary to follow the commands of the doctor conducting the examination.

During barium radiography, the patient is given a tube or given a special suspension to drink..

Barium is a contrast agent. This solution fills spaces that cannot be seen on a plain abdominal x-ray.

Barium sulfate absorbs X-rays well and does not dissolve in liquids such as water, acid or alkali. The drug is not absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract and does not penetrate into the blood. It is excreted from the body along with feces.

Nitrous oxide or air may be used instead of barium sulfate.

Water-soluble drugs can also be used for research. This is done if there is a suspicion of perforation of internal organs with the release of contents into the abdominal cavity or in case of colonic obstruction. Such drugs can detect tumors.

In addition to classical radiography, fluoroscopy is also possible. In this case, with the help of special equipment that complements the apparatus, an image of the internal organs is recorded on film and the dynamics of their condition is observed. With this method it is possible to visualize processes such as contractions, stretches or displacements.

The procedure itself takes about 10 minutes. Before undergoing it, you must inform your doctor:

About the use of medications that contain bismuth;
About taking radiopaque barium during the last 4 days before the procedure;
Women must be informed if they are pregnant.

The X-ray procedure is completely painless, and after it is completed the patient can go home.

results

The image must be deciphered by a doctor. Blurred image indicates that the patient moved during the procedure. The doctor assesses the general condition of the organs. According to the study, he can judge the distribution and presence of gases or liquid in the abdominal cavity, see stones in the gall bladder or foreign bodies in the stomach.

The method is effective in diagnosing intestinal perforations. The image will show free gas that is in the abdominal cavity (normally it should not be there).

An X-ray examination can distinguish benign stomach tumors from malignant ones (in the latter case, they grow into the stomach cavity, have a crescent shape and a larger volume).

Research shows that most tumors detected by X-ray are benign.

Contraindications

Pregnancy;
Children's age up to 14 years.

A contrast X-ray of the abdominal cavity is not prescribed in the following cases:

in the acute stage;
Perforation of any part of the gastrointestinal tract. If there is a perforation, barium suspension can cause peritonitis;
Dehydration due to uncontrollable vomiting or diarrhea;
Bronchial asthma.

Before taking an x-ray, you need to check with your doctor whether additional preparation measures are needed for the procedure.

Abdominal X-ray is one of the traditional non-invasive diagnostic methods in modern medicine.

Thanks to the local exposure to safe levels of X-ray radiation, it makes it possible to obtain a projection image of the internal structures of the human body.

This method, when used correctly, is considered not dangerous to the life and health of the patient, and the research procedure is simple and comfortable.

Radiography takes literally a few minutes. The procedure may require preparation.

What can be seen on an X-ray examination?

The most popular types of X-ray examination today are general X-ray examination of the abdominal cavity and contrast radiography.

A survey x-ray makes it possible to assess the general condition of the internal organs located in the abdominal cavity.

A survey x-ray will help you see the following types of pathologies:

the presence of pathological neoplasms (hematomas, cysts, polyps or tumors, sometimes stones) in the tissues and cavities of the kidneys, gallbladder or bladder;
mechanical violations of the integrity of the abdominal organs (ruptures);
the presence of gas or liquid in the gastrointestinal tract or generally within the abdominal cavity;
pathological accumulations of feces and gas in the intestines (for example, with intestinal obstruction).

This method is used to clarify the diagnosis. It is often prescribed in conjunction with a group of other studies, and if a survey examination cannot answer the specialists’ questions, then they resort to x-rays with contrast.

Contrast X-rays are performed using a special substance that fills organ cavities that are not visible with a plain X-ray.

Before such a procedure, you need to take a drug containing barium orally (in some situations it is administered through a probe).

Barium sulfate, used in contrast radiography, is slightly soluble in water and physiological fluids, but it absorbs X-ray radiation.

The drug with barium is not absorbed in the digestive tract and does not change its properties under the influence of secretion from the digestive organs. It is eliminated from the body during defecation with feces.

An examination with contrast allows for a detailed examination of possible pathological changes in the mucous tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. An X-ray with barium will show ulcerations, perforations, narrowing of the lumen of hollow organs, tumors.

Who is conducting the research and why?

The use of a survey x-ray is necessary when:

the patient suffers from painful sensations in the abdomen and lower back;
bloating often occurs;
there are suspicions of internal organ injuries or the development of a retroperitoneal abscess;
in the event of acute intestinal obstruction due to the appearance of neoplasms (cysts, tumors or polyps) or intussusception;
there are signs of diverticulitis.

Survey X-rays are also used to diagnose inflammation of the digestive system and detect stones in the bladder or kidneys.

It is this type of radiography that shows perforation and violations of the integrity of the tissues of not only the intestines, but also other organs of the abdominal cavity.

There are very few contraindications for conducting a survey examination.

Except that any X-ray examination is not recommended for women during pregnancy and children under 14 years of age. Ultrasound is recommended as an alternative to x-rays in these cases.

But, as already written above, the survey method does not show the structural features of the hollow organs of the gastrointestinal tract. For this purpose, a contrast study is used.

Thanks to the contrast agent, the specialist receives an image of all the folds and bends of the digestive tract and can identify changes in the structure of their tissues.

The contrast method of research with barium has its own characteristics. It will not be used in cases where the patient has an allergic reaction to the contrast components.

This type of X-ray examination is also not used in cases of dehydration, the presence of intestinal symptoms with vomiting and diarrhea, or cystic fibrosis.

In some cases, perforation of the digestive tract, obstruction and diverticulitis in acute phases may also be contraindications.

Sometimes, at the discretion of the doctor (when the threat to health is higher than the diagnostic value of the study), for similar symptoms, the examination is carried out using other methods.

How to properly prepare for the procedure?

No special preparation is required before a survey of the abdominal cavity. The only requirement is that you empty your bladder before taking the x-ray.

This type of examination can be carried out with clothes on, but jewelry must be removed.

The procedure can be performed either lying down or standing. During the study, the patient stands or lies down for several minutes.

Sometimes x-rays are taken in different positions to obtain more information. The patient must remain motionless during the examination.

Special preparation will be required for examinations using contrast agents. You must stop eating at least 12 hours before the procedure.

Within a day or even two, you should start following a diet that excludes all vegetables, rye bread, milk and cream from your diet.

This is necessary so that the image is as clear as possible and the organs are clearly visible.

Preparing the gastrointestinal tract for the study can be done directly on the day of the procedure or the evening before.

Preparation for an x-ray examination on the day of diagnosis involves the use of an enema or a special rectal suppository with a laxative effect. The procedure is recommended to be carried out one and a half to two hours before the examination.

However, it is worth considering the characteristics of your body. For some people, the laxative effects last longer than for others.

In such cases, you need to calculate the time in advance so that the intestines have time to cleanse themselves and the urge to defecate does not interfere with the procedure.

Preparation on the eve of the test will make it possible to avoid unpleasant sensations directly on the day of diagnosis and guarantee a good cleansing effect.

To prepare in advance, they usually use one of the simplest and most modern methods of colon cleansing at home.

Today, the easiest way to cleanse the lower gastric tract yourself is to use lavage agents. For this, Fortrans, Lavacol, Fleet Phospho-Soda or Endofalk are used.

Lavage preparations are a mixture of minerals that are not absorbed in the intestines. When a person drinks such a solution, the liquid with minerals diluted in it passes through the gastrointestinal tract directly, cleaning all the folds.

The product must be taken in accordance with the instructions supplied with it. The drugs begin to be used after the last meal.

From there until the time of x-ray, it is worth maintaining a period of fasting so that the gastrointestinal tract is clearly visible. Before an X-ray using contrast, the patient must drink a drug containing barium.

X-ray examination of the abdominal cavity is a proven highly effective non-invasive diagnostic method, allowing a specialist to identify the slightest pathological changes in the structures of internal organs quickly and with comfort for the patient.