Action of the antibiotic amoxiclav. Amoxiclav: brief instructions, contraindications, antibiotic analogues. Main indications for use of Amoxiclav

The drug Amoxiclav - reviews of doctors and adults on the use of the drug

The abstract provides information that the antibiotic Amoxiclav (INN Amoksiklav) is a broad-spectrum agent. Group of antibiotics: broad-spectrum penicillins. Latin name: Amoksiklav. Manufacturer: Sandoz (Austria)

Doctors about Amoxiclav: how to take it, during pregnancy, for children, while breastfeeding, for sinusitis.

Amoxiclav doctor reviews

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An effective antibiotic.

An effective drug with a wide spectrum of action

Amoxiclav - semi-synthetic penicillin

Amoxiclav in pediatrics

In this article you can read the instructions for use of the drug Amoxiclav. Reviews of site visitors - consumers of this medicine, as well as the opinions of specialist doctors on the use of Amoxiclav in their practice are presented. We kindly ask you to actively add your reviews about the drug: whether the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed, perhaps not stated by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues of Amoxiclav in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of various infectious diseases in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation. Alcohol consumption and possible consequences after taking Amoxiclav.

Amoxiclav- is a combination of amoxicillin - a semi-synthetic penicillin with a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and clavulanic acid - an irreversible inhibitor of beta-lactamases. Clavulanic acid forms a stable inactivated complex with these enzymes and ensures the resistance of amoxicillin to the effects of beta-lactamases produced by microorganisms.

Clavulanic acid, similar in structure to beta-lactam antibiotics, has weak intrinsic antibacterial activity.

Amoxiclav has a wide spectrum of antibacterial action.

Active against amoxicillin-sensitive strains, including strains producing beta-lactamases, incl. aerobic gram-positive bacteria, aerobic gram-negative bacteria, anaerobic gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative anaerobes.

Pharmacokinetics

The main pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are similar. Both components are well absorbed after taking the drug orally; food intake does not affect the degree of absorption. Both components are characterized by a good volume of distribution in body fluids and tissues (lungs, middle ear, pleural and peritoneal fluids, uterus, ovaries, etc.). Amoxicillin also penetrates into the synovial fluid, liver, prostate gland, tonsils, muscle tissue, gall bladder, secretions of the paranasal sinuses, saliva, and bronchial secretions. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid do not penetrate the BBB when the meninges are not inflamed. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid cross the placental barrier and are excreted in breast milk in trace concentrations. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are characterized by low binding to plasma proteins. Amoxicillin is partially metabolized, clavulanic acid appears to be extensively metabolized. Amoxicillin is excreted by the kidneys almost unchanged by tubular secretion and glomerular filtration. Clavulanic acid is excreted by glomerular filtration, partly in the form of metabolites.

Indications

Infections caused by sensitive strains of microorganisms:

• infections of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs (including acute and chronic sinusitis, acute and chronic otitis media, retropharyngeal abscess, tonsillitis, pharyngitis);
• infections of the lower respiratory tract (including acute bronchitis with bacterial superinfection, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia);
• urinary tract infections;
• gynecological infections;
• skin and soft tissue infections, including animal and human bites;
• infections of bone and connective tissue;
• biliary tract infections (cholecystitis, cholangitis);
• odontogenic infections.

Release forms

Powder for the preparation of injection solution for intravenous administration (4) 500 mg, 1000 mg.

Powder for the preparation of a suspension for oral administration 125 mg, 250 mg, 400 mg (convenient pediatric form of the drug).

Film-coated tablets 250 mg, 500 mg, 875 mg.

Instructions for use and dosage

Adults and children over 12 years of age (or over 40 kg body weight): the usual dose for mild to moderate infection is 1 tablet of 250 + 125 mg every 8 hours or 1 tablet of 500 + 125 mg every 12 hours for severe infection. and respiratory tract infections - 1 tablet 500 + 125 mg every 8 hours or 1 tablet. 875 + 125 mg every 12 hours. Tablets are not prescribed to children under 12 years of age (less than 40 kg body weight).

The maximum daily dose of clavulanic acid (in the form of potassium salt) is 600 mg for adults and 10 mg/kg body weight for children. The maximum daily dose of amoxicillin is 6 g for adults and 45 mg/kg body weight for children.

The course of treatment is 5-14 days. The duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician. Treatment should not continue for more than 14 days without repeated medical examination.

Dosage for odontogenic infections: 1 table. 250 +125 mg every 8 hours or 1 tablet. 500 + 125 mg every 12 hours for 5 days.

Dosage for renal failure: for patients with moderate renal failure (Cl creatinine - 10-30 ml/min) the dose is 1 table. 500 + 125 mg every 12 hours; for patients with severe renal failure (creatinine Cl less than 10 ml/min) the dose is 1 table. 500 + 125 mg every 24 hours.

Side effect

Side effects are in most cases mild and transient.

• loss of appetite;
• nausea, vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• stomach ache;
• itching, urticaria, erythematous rash;
• angioedema;
• anaphylactic shock;
• allergic vasculitis;
• exfoliative dermatitis;
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome;
• reversible leukopenia (including neutropenia);
• thrombocytopenia;
• hemolytic anemia;
• eosinophilia;
• dizziness, headache;
• convulsions (may occur in patients with impaired renal function when taking the drug in high doses);
• sense of anxiety;
• insomnia;
• interstitial nephritis;
• crystalluria;
• development of superinfection (including candidiasis).

Contraindications

• hypersensitivity to any of the components of the drug;
• history of hypersensitivity to penicillins, cephalosporins and other beta-lactam antibiotics;
• a history of indications of cholestatic jaundice and/or other liver dysfunction caused by taking amoxicillin/clavulanic acid;
• infectious mononucleosis and lymphocytic leukemia.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Amoxiclav can be prescribed during pregnancy if there are clear indications.

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are excreted in breast milk in small quantities.

special instructions

During a course of treatment, the functions of the hematopoietic organs, liver and kidneys should be monitored.

In patients with severely impaired renal function, adequate adjustment of the dosage regimen or increased intervals between dosing is required.

In order to reduce the risk of developing adverse reactions from the gastrointestinal tract, the drug should be taken with meals.

Laboratory tests: High concentrations of amoxicillin give a false-positive reaction for urine glucose when using Benedict's reagent or Felling's solution. It is recommended to use enzymatic reactions with glucosidase.

The use of Amoxiclav with simultaneous consumption of alcohol in any form is prohibited, since the risk of liver disorders is seriously increased when taken simultaneously.

Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery

There is no data on the negative effect of Amoxiclav in recommended doses on the ability to drive a car or operate machinery.

Drug interactions

With simultaneous use of the drug Amoxiclav with antacids, glucosamine, laxatives, aminoglycosides, absorption slows down, and with ascorbic acid it increases.

Diuretics, allopurinol, phenylbutazone, NSAIDs and other drugs that block tubular secretion increase the concentration of amoxicillin (clavulanic acid is excreted mainly by glomerular filtration).

When used simultaneously, Amoxiclav increases the toxicity of methotrexate.

With the simultaneous use of Amoxiclav with allopurinol, the incidence of exanthema increases.

Concomitant use with disulfiram should be avoided.

In some cases, taking the drug may prolong the prothrombin time; therefore, caution should be exercised when prescribing anticoagulants and the drug Amoxiclav simultaneously.

The combination of amoxicillin with rifampicin is antagonistic (mutual weakening of the antibacterial effect is noted).

Amoxiclav should not be used simultaneously with bacteriostatic antibiotics (macrolides, tetracyclines), sulfonamides due to a possible decrease in the effectiveness of Amoxiclav.

Probenecid reduces the excretion of amoxicillin, increasing its serum concentration.

Antibiotics reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

Analogues of the antibiotic Amoxiclav

Structural analogues of the active substance:

• Amovycombe;
• Amoxiclav Quiktab;
• Arlet;
• Augmentin;
• Bactoclav;
• Verklav;
• Clamosar;
• Liklav;
• Honeyclave;
• Panclave;
• Ranklav;
• Rapiklav;
• Taromentin;
• Flemoklav Solutab;
• Ecoclave.

If there are no analogues of the drug for the active substance, you can follow the links below to the diseases for which the corresponding drug helps, and look at the available analogues for the therapeutic effect.

Amoxiclav is a combination of amoxicillin (a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic) and clavulanic acid (an inhibitor of β-lactamases that forms stable inactive complex compounds with them and prevents the destruction of amoxicillin). Amoxiclav has a wide spectrum of action. The drug is active against both microorganisms sensitive to amoxicillin and bacteria resistant to it that produce β-lactamases, including: gram-positive aerobes ( Streptococcus pneumoniae, Str. pyogenes, Str. bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Listeria spp., Enterococcus spp.), gram-negative aerobes ( N. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, E. coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, Pasteurella multocida) and anaerobic ( Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Clostridium spp. Bacteroides spp., Actinomyces israelii) bacteria.
The basic pharmacokinetic properties of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are similar and, when used in combination, do not mutually affect the pharmacokinetics of each substance separately. After oral administration, both components of the drug are well absorbed, maximum concentrations in the blood serum are reached after approximately 1 hour. Food intake does not affect the absorption of the active substances. The half-life of amoxicillin is 78 minutes, and clavulanic acid is 60-70 minutes. Both components easily penetrate into most liquid media and tissues of the body (lungs, middle ear, secretion of the maxillary sinuses, pleural and peritoneal fluid, uterus, ovaries, etc.), penetrate the placental barrier, and in case of meningitis - through the blood-brain barrier, and are determined in trace amounts in breast milk.
After a bolus injection of Amoxiclav at a dose of 1.2 g, the maximum concentration of amoxicillin in the blood serum is 105.4, clavulanic acid - 28.5 mg/l. The peak concentration in body fluids is observed 1 hour after reaching the maximum concentration in the blood serum. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid bind to plasma proteins by 17-20 and 22-30%, respectively. Amoxicillin is excreted in the urine mainly unchanged, and clavulanic acid undergoes active metabolic transformations in the liver and is excreted mainly by the kidneys, and is also partially excreted in feces and exhaled air.

Indications for use of the drug Amoxiclav

Infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract caused by microorganisms sensitive to Amoxiclav (including chronic bronchitis and pneumonia); acute and chronic sinusitis and otitis media, retropharyngeal abscess; odontogenic infections (including periodontitis); urinary tract infections ; gynecological infections, as well as gonorrhea (including those caused by gonococci producing β-lactamase), chancroid; infections of the skin and soft tissues (including wound infections); bone and joint infections; treatment of mixed infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms and anaerobes (ENT infections, biliary tract infections and postoperative abdominal infections, breast abscess, aspiration pneumonia). Amoxiclav can be used to prevent purulent-septic complications during operations on the abdominal organs, pelvis, heart, kidneys, bile ducts, in orthopedic practice and maxillofacial surgery.

Use of the drug Amoxiclav

Amoxiclav, Amoxiclav 2X
It is recommended to administer the drug orally in tablets to adults and children weighing more than 40 kg, in an average daily dose of 1 tablet 375 mg 3 times a day (every 8 hours) or 1 tablet 625 mg 2-3 times a day, depending on the severity of the infectious disease. Amoxiclav 2X 1000 mg tablets are used in adult patients with severe infections or respiratory infections, 1 tablet 2 times a day. For children aged 3 months and older with a body weight of less than 40 kg with moderate infectious diseases, Amoxiclav is prescribed in a daily dose of 25 mg/kg, divided into 2 doses (every 12 hours), or 20 mg/kg, divided into 3 doses (every 8 h), and for severe infections - 45 mg/kg, divided into 2 doses (every 12 hours), or 40 mg/kg, divided into 3 doses (every 8 hours). For newborns and children up to 3 months, Amoxiclav is prescribed in a daily dose of 30 mg/kg (in terms of amoxicillin), divided into 2 equal doses.
The maximum daily dose of amoxicillin for adults is 6 g, for children - 45 mg per 1 kg of body weight; the maximum daily dose of clavulanic acid (in the form of potassium salt) for adults is 600 mg, for children - 10 mg per 1 kg of body weight.
For otitis media, sinusitis, lower respiratory tract infections and other severe infections, the recommended dose for children is 45 mg/kg per day (for amoxicillin) every 12 hours.
For moderate infections, the daily dose is 25 mg/kg (every 12 hours).
The exact dose of the suspension for a child can only be calculated taking into account body weight.
Patients with severe renal failure (creatinine clearance less than 10 ml/min) require dose adjustment or an increase in the interval between doses (for anuria - up to 48 hours or more).
For patients with moderate renal failure (creatinine clearance 10-30 ml/min), the dose should be adequately reduced or the interval between doses of the drug should be increased:

To prepare the suspension, shake the bottle well (until the powder separates from the walls and bottom of the vessel), then add 86 ml of water (Amoxiclav suspension) to the bottle in 2 additions, shaking thoroughly each time. One measuring spoon for taking the suspension (attached) contains 5 ml, 3/4 spoon - 3.75 ml; 1/2 spoon - 2.5 ml of suspension.
Parenterally - intravenously for adults and children over 12 years of age (with body weight more than 40 kg) - 1.2 g every 8 hours, for severe infections - every 6 hours; children aged 3 months to 12 years - 30 mg/kg every 8 hours, for severe infections - every 6 hours; children under 3 months - 30 mg/kg every 8 hours; for newborns, including premature babies, 30 mg/kg every 12 hours. 30 mg of Amoxiclav for intravenous administration contains 25 mg of amoxicillin and 5 mg of clavulanic acid.
After achieving a therapeutic effect with intravenous use of Amoxiclav, you can switch to taking the drug orally.
Treatment with Amoxiclav for adults and children can be carried out for 14 days.
Adult dosage for renal failure:

• if creatinine clearance is more than 30 ml/min, there is no need to reduce the dose;
• with a creatinine clearance of 10-30 ml/min, treatment begins with an intravenous injection of 1.2 g, and then 600 mg intravenously at intervals of 12 hours;
• in case of severe renal failure (creatinine clearance less than 10 ml/min), treatment begins with 1.2 g intravenously, and then 600 mg intravenously at 24-hour intervals. In children with renal failure, it is also necessary to reduce the dose of the drug.

For peritoneal dialysis, no dose adjustment is required; during hemodialysis, about 85% of the drug is excreted from the body, so after the procedure the drug is administered intravenously at a dose of 600 mg.
To prepare a solution for intravenous use, the contents of the bottle, which contains 600 mg of Amoxiclav, are dissolved in 10 ml of water for injection; the contents of the bottle, which contains 1.2 g of Amoxiclav, in 20 ml of water for injection; the resulting solution is administered intravenously slowly (over 3-4 minutes). For intravenous infusion, to 0.6 g (dissolved in 10 ml of water for injection) or 1.2 g (dissolved in 20 ml of water for injection) of the drug, add 50 or 100 ml of infusion solution, respectively; administered intravenously over 30-40 minutes. IV bolus injections must be performed within 20 minutes after preparing the injection solution. Do not freeze the solution.
For prophylactic purposes in surgery, adults are administered 1.2 g of Amoxiclav intravenously before anesthesia in connection with short surgical interventions; during long-term operations (more than 1 hour), repeated administration of the drug is required (1.2 g up to 4 times a day); if there is an increased risk of infection, treatment can be continued in the postoperative period; if there are obvious signs of infection during or after surgery, Amoxiclav is used (parenterally or orally) in the postoperative period.
Amoxiclav Quiktab
The usual daily dose for adults and children weighing more than 40 kg is 1 tablet of 500 mg/125 mg 2-3 times a day or 1 tablet of 875 mg/125 mg 2 times a day.
For the treatment of mild or moderate infections, the usual dosage regimen is 1 tablet 500 mg/125 mg 2 times a day (every 12 hours); for the treatment of severe infections - 1 tablet 500 mg/125 mg 3 times a day (every 8 hours) or 1 tablet 875 mg/125 mg 2 times a day (every 12 hours).
The duration of treatment depends on the indications, is determined by the doctor and should not exceed 14 days.
The tablets must be dissolved in 1/2 glass of water (at least 100 ml), mixed thoroughly before taking or chewed before swallowing. It is better to take tablets at the beginning of a meal.
In patients with renal failure, the excretion of clavulanic acid and amoxicillin is reduced. It is necessary to reduce the dose in accordance with the severity of functional disorders and/or it is necessary to increase the interval between doses.
Patients with moderate renal failure (creatinine clearance 0.166-0.5 ml/s) are prescribed 1 tablet of 500 mg/125 mg every 12 hours.
Patients with severe renal failure (creatinine clearance less than 0.166 ml/s) are prescribed 1 tablet of 500 mg/125 mg every 24 hours.

Contraindications to the use of the drug Amoxiclav

Hypersensitivity to amoxicillin and other penicillin antibiotics, clavulanic acid and other components of the drug; cholestatic jaundice or hepatitis caused by a history of taking penicillin antibiotics.

Side effects of the drug Amoxiclav

As a rule, they are mild in severity and pass quickly.
From the gastrointestinal tract: diarrhea (4.1%), nausea (3%), vomiting (1.8%) and dyspepsia (1.6%); rarely - anorexia, flatulence, gastritis, stomatitis, glossitis or discoloration of the tongue, enterocolitis. Pseudomembranous colitis caused by the produced Clostridium difficile toxin, may develop during or after discontinuation of drug treatment.
From the blood system: anemia (including hemolytic anemia), thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis.
From the nervous system: rarely - headache, dizziness, insomnia, agitation, anxiety, inappropriate behavior, confusion, convulsions, hyperactivity.
Hepatobiliary disorders: there may be an increase in liver function tests, including an asymptomatic increase in the activity of AST and/or ALT, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels in the blood serum. Liver dysfunction most often occurs in elderly patients or in patients receiving long-term treatment. Hepatitis and cholestatic jaundice occur rarely. Signs and symptoms usually occur during or immediately after treatment, but in some cases may not appear until several weeks after treatment ends.
From the skin: rash, urticaria, angioedema, rarely - erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis.
From the urinary system: rarely - interstitial nephritis and hematuria.
Others: candidal vaginitis (1%), fever; Long-term use of the drug can cause oral candidiasis.

Special instructions for the use of the drug Amoxiclav

Amoxiclav is prescribed with caution to patients with a history of allergic reactions. There is a possibility of cross-allergy between cephalosporins and penicillin antibiotics, so caution is required when prescribing Amoxiclav to patients who have an allergy to cephalosporins.
In case of liver disorders, periodic monitoring of its function is necessary.
In 95% of patients with infectious mononucleosis and lymphocytic leukemia, the use of the drug is accompanied by the development of a skin rash, so prescribing Amoxiclav in these cases is not recommended.
In patients with severe kidney damage, the dose should be selected individually; the interval between doses of the drug may be increased.
When treating with Amoxiclav, it is recommended to consume a significant amount of fluid.
Amoxiclav gives false positive results when performing the Benedict test (to determine glucose in urine) and the Coombs test. It is recommended to use glucose tests based on an enzymatic oxidation reaction.
There are no data on the teratogenic effect of the active components of Amoxiclav. Amoxiclav can be used during pregnancy according to strict indications.

Drug interactions Amoxiclav

Amoxiclav for parenteral use is compatible with the following infusion solutions - water for injection, isotonic sodium chloride solution, lactated Ringer's solution, potassium chloride solution; Amoxiclav is less stable in media containing dextran or glucose. The drug cannot be mixed in the same volume with other drugs for parenteral administration.

Amoxiclav drug overdose, symptoms and treatment

Unlikely. Taking the drug in a high dose can cause overdose symptoms: agitation, insomnia, dizziness, and sometimes convulsions. Treatment is symptomatic. Amoxiclav can be removed from the body using hemodialysis.

Storage conditions for the drug Amoxiclav

In a dry place at temperatures up to 25 ° C.

List of pharmacies where you can buy Amoxiclav:

• Saint Petersburg

Men often face a visit to the urologist's office. These unpleasant moments are associated with a urological disease - prostatitis. In other words, inflammation of the prostate gland. When bacteria become the cause of the disease, the doctor prescribes antibiotics. The most effective in this case will be Amoxiclav.

Amoxiclav: composition, form of introduction to the pharmaceutical market, manufacturer

Amoxiclav is an antibiotic with a wide range of effects and belongs to the group of bactericidal medications of the penicillin series. The stimulating substance is amoxicillin, a semi-synthetic aminopenicillin. Amoxiclav INN – amoxicillin (in the form of sodium salt) + clavulanic acid (the main components of the medication).

The drug Amoxiclav was developed by the largest pharmaceutical company - SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals (France). This ensures the quality of the product and safety for the human body.

It is recommended to store the medication at a temperature no higher than 25°C in a place inaccessible to children. The production of the medicine is carried out in Slovenia. Shelf life – 2 years. The medication is prescribed by a doctor and can be purchased at a pharmacy with a prescription.

The medicine is presented on the pharmaceutical market in the form of:

• Tablet form (5, 7, 15 tablets in sold packs);
• Powder for creating a suspension for internal use (100 ml bottles of 25 g in one bottle);
• Powder for creating a solution for intravenous administration (5 pieces of 0.6 g and 1.2 g in a sold pack).

Types of medicine released onto the pharmaceutical market:

• Amoxiclav 125 (mixture to create a suspension). The dose of amoxicillin in 5 ml is 125 mg. Entering the pharmaceutical market is carried out in 100 ml bottles with a dispensing spoon.
• Amoxiclav 250 (“Amoxiclav Forte”) is a mixture for creating a suspension. The dose of amoxicillin is 2 times greater than in the previous form of the drug - 250 mg per 5 ml.
• Amoxiclav 500 (tablet form of the drug, 625 mg). The dose of amoxicillin in an Amoxiclav tablet is 625 mg, containing 500 mg of the antibiotic itself.
• Amoxiclav 625 (tablet form of medication). The dose of amoxicillin in the Amoxiclav tablet contains 500 mg of antibiotic.
• Amoxiclav 875 (tablet form of the drug, 1000 mg). The dose of amoxicillin in Amoxiclav tablet is 1000 mg, containing 875 mg of the antibiotic itself.
• Amoxiclav 1000 (tablet form of medication). The dose of amoxicillin in the Amoxiclav tablet contains 875 mg of antibiotic.
• Amoxiclav Kviktab is a tablet form with a fruity taste. May contain 500 mg or 875 mg amoxicillin.

Cost of the drug

The medication has different costs depending on the type and dosage. The cost varies from 100 rubles to 925 rubles.

Indications

The inflammatory process that irritates the prostate gland changes its size and internal structure. The cause of the disease lies in the attack of the organ by an infection, the causative agents of which are bacteria such as enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and other varieties.

If a man refuses to take an antibiotic for an acute form of prostatitis caused by an attack of bacteria, serious consequences may occur in the form of prostate adenoma and impotence. Bacterial flora negatively affects the bladder and kidneys, causing pyelonephritis and urolithiasis.

Amoxiclav destroys the very cause of the disease and after some time (usually takes a couple of days) the patient observes an improvement in well-being. The substance that stimulates action (amoxicillin) destroys the thinnest walls of bacteria and completely rids the human body of them. The medication penetrates into the gland tissue and has a bactericidal effect within 12 hours after administration, resulting in healing from prostatitis.

The medication Amoxiclav is prescribed not only to men, but also to female representatives in the presence of the following diseases:

• Pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis;
• Escherichia coli, salmonella;
• Prostatitis, cystitis, urethritis;
• Staphylococcus, streptococcus, affecting the skin.

When taking the drug Amoxiclav for a long time, you need to monitor the condition of the liver, kidneys and other hematopoietic organs of the person. If the patient had kidney problems before treatment, a specialist in the field of urology should adjust the dosage and increase the period between courses of medication. The medicine is best absorbed and causes less damage when taken before meals. During the course of treatment, it is necessary to take an increased amount of fluid (pure water) to remove the drug substances.

When using Amoxiclav, you should remember the possible effect on the nervous system and be careful when driving vehicles and working at heights.

Instructions for use

You should not experiment with prostate diseases and prescribe your own course of treatment. It is imperative to visit a highly qualified specialist in the field of urology. The doctor determines the cause and type of bacteria that caused the disease.

If an adult man suffers from prostatitis, he is prescribed the following treatment regimen: 3 times a day he must take 375 mg Amoxiclav tablets.

A full appointment usually takes 10–14 calendar days. After completing the course, the performance of the genitourinary system is normalized and inflammation in the prostate gland goes away.

Amoxiclav in tablet form for prostatitis is prescribed according to the following scheme: the tablet must be dissolved in 100 ml of water (half a glass) or chewed and washed down with water before meals. The medicine is quickly absorbed into the organ tissue.

To cure the initial form of prostatitis, 100 mg of amoxicillin is prescribed three times a day. The duration of treatment depends on the degree of neglect of the disease and other factors affecting the well-being of the sick patient. Usually the appointment lasts from 5 to 14 calendar days.

Amoxiclav suspension for prostatitis is taken depending on the dose calculation based on the patient’s body weight. The doctor makes the calculation and writes a prescription. The suspension has a pleasant taste, as sweeteners and various fruit flavors are added to the composition.

To create a solution, the milky powder is shaken in a bottle and prepared for dilution. It is better to dilute the powder in 2 doses, shake the container after each addition of water for injection. The correct ratio for diluting the powder is: 600 mg of the mixture per 10 ml of water for injection. The solution is administered intravenously over 3-4 minutes. The solution cannot be stored after its creation; sale must occur immediately.

The most effective in terms of speed in the treatment of prostatitis is the use of a solution for intravenous administration.

If the medication is not used for its full intended purpose, but is stopped ahead of schedule, harmful bacteria and infections develop immunity to this antibiotic. In the future, choosing a treatment regimen will be much more difficult.

Contraindications

The medication is prohibited if the following points exist:

It is necessary to carefully consider taking Amoxiclav under the age of 1 year and for diseases:

• Colitis;
• Liver failure;
• Improper kidney function.

Side effects of Amoxiclav

The medication does not harm the health of the sick patient, but some responses may occur in the form of side effects from the digestive and nervous system: vomiting, diarrhea, urticaria, itching, redness, decreased platelets, decreased hemoglobin, insomnia.

Side symptoms can manifest themselves in patients of retirement age, as well as in patients who use Amoxiclav for a long time, beyond the norm. Side effects occur during use or at the end of the course. Occasionally, side effects occur a couple of weeks after taking the medication.

Amoxiclav: pros and cons

The medication Amoxiclav, as a way to cure prostatitis, has the following advantages:

• Effective fight against beta-lactamase producing enzymes. Thanks to this, a broad bactericidal effect is manifested against various types of harmful microorganisms: gonococci, enterococci, seratium, E. coli and others.
• High level of quality and safety for human health.
• Point activity against bacterial cells. Healthy cells and tissues are not damaged.
• Entry of the drug onto the pharmaceutical market in various forms (tablets, suspension, powder for solution for intravenous administration).
• Low cost of medication. A pack of 20 Amoxiclav tablets (dose - 500 mg) costs around 300-400 rubles.

The negative aspects of Amoxiclav in the fight against prostatitis include:

• Low level of effectiveness in relation to bacteria such as ureaplasma, chlamydia and pseudomonas. Amoxiclav may be ineffective in the treatment of prostatitis, which is caused by atypical, resistant microflora.
• The occurrence of side effects.

Compatibility with other medications

The combined use of anticoagulants (drugs that inhibit blood clotting and prevent the formation of blood clots) and the drug Amoxiclav will not bring a beneficial result to the patient. Because prothrombin time increases. Taking allopurinol and Amoxiclav sometimes leads to the development of exanthema.

Rifampicin + Amokisklav = general weakening of the antibacterial effect on the human body. The same results are achieved by combined use of Amoxiclav and tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and macrolides.

Analogues

The drug Amoxiclav has many analogues, among which are: Amoxivan, Augmentin, Flemoklav Solutab, Foraklav, Medoklav, Panclave and other drugs.

Augmentin

Augmentin is a full-fledged analogue of Amoxiclav in terms of substance content. The cost of Augmentin varies depending on the form of introduction to the pharmaceutical market and the dosage purchased - from 120 rubles to 2000 rubles. The choice between medications is equal.

Amoxicillin

In practice, Amoxiclav has proven to be a more effective medication compared to Amoxicillin. To “pure” Amoxicillin, most harmful bacteria have created immunity and prevent the bactericidal effect on the body. The combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid became a salvation. The antibiotic has received an extended spectrum of action. Amoxicillin wins only in the price range - from 90 rubles to 180 rubles.

Amoxiclav in tablet form is coated with a coating that dissolves in the stomach. Flemoclav is available in water-soluble tablets, which facilitates rapid absorption by the body and ease of administration. Amoxiclav is much easier to tolerate; Flemoklav causes harm to the liver in the form of side effects. The shelf life of Amoxiclav is 2 years, Flemoklav is stored for about 3 years.

Flemoxin

Flemoxin contains only amoxicillin. In comparison with the effectiveness of Amoxiclav in the treatment of prostatitis, Flemoxin is significantly inferior. Amoxiclav in tablet form is coated with a coating that dissolves in the stomach. Flemoxin is available in water-soluble tablets, which facilitates rapid absorption by the body and ease of administration. Amoxiclav is able to retain its properties for 2 years, Flemoxin is stored for 5 years. The cost of Flemoxin ranges from 230 rubles to 500 rubles.

Sumamed

Sumamed is an active antibiotic azithromycin, which has a significant spectrum of action. The patient is recommended to undergo tests to check the sensitivity of pathogenic harmful microflora to these two antibiotics. Side symptoms are similar to those with Amoxiclav. The cost of Sumamed ranges from 200 rubles to 1100 rubles.

Medicines differ in the substances they contain, the speed of action and the strength of their effectiveness. It is better to entrust the choice to a professional doctor in the field of urology.

Tsiprolet enters the pharmaceutical market in tablet form, injection solutions and drops.

Amoxiclav is much more expensive than Tsiprolet, almost 2.5 times. To cure prostatitis, Amoxiclav would be more suitable, but the choice should still be entrusted to a doctor.

Azithromycin

Both medications have a strong effect when used. Azithromycin is considered a safer antibiotic, as it is approved for use by adolescents under 16 years of age. The disadvantage of Azithromycin in comparison with Amoxiclav is its slow absorption and effect on the “heart” of the disease. Amoxiclav is more compatible with taking other medications.

The unique antibiotic amoxiclav is classified as to strong drugs, widely used to rid the human body of bacterial infections. The active ingredients in the drug are easily tolerated by patients, side effects are rare, so the drug is recommended for widespread use by all age categories.

The destructive effect of amoxiclav tablets is due to the clavulanic acid included in its composition. The substance helps amoxocillin not to react to the action of lactamases produced by affected cells.

Dynamics in the body

The first component is amoxicillin, which is semisynthetic antibiotic extended action. It actively destroys bacteria that react to the action of the drug, but does not affect those that secrete a harmful enzyme. Amoxicillin destroys the walls of bacteria, which leads to the death of pathogens.

The second component of the drug is clavulanic acid, which is a beta-lactamate similar to penicillin in its chemical action. It inhibits beta-lactamases that are resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins. Some types of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms produce lactamases, which leads to the destruction of amoxicillin before it can act on bacteria and viruses.

Clavulanate acts as a blocker of harmful enzymes and restores sensitivity bacterial pathogens to penicillins, while significantly reducing the resistance of the antibiotic drug. The effect of the antibiotic is less on bacteria producing beta-lactamases of the first chromosomal type. Clavulanic acid is not used separately from amoxicillin; it expands the effect of amoxiclav only when paired with penicillin antibiotics.

Reasons for the development of resistance

Increase in indicator occurs according to the following criteria:

Application of amoxiclav

Antibiotic treats inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms that are sensitive to the drug:

• diseases of the ear, throat, nose of infectious origin (these include tonsillitis, otitis media, pharyngeal abscesses, pharyngitis, sinusitis, rhinitis, etc.);
• diseases of the ureters (prostatitis, cystitis) of an infectious nature;
• inflammation of the female genital organs;
• diseases of the lower respiratory tract (chronic and acute bronchitis, pneumonia);
• infectious infections of bone tissue and connective cartilage;
• bacteriological inflammation of the skin and tissues;
• inflammation of the gallbladder and ducts (cholecystitis);
• odontogenic type infections.

Existing contraindications for taking amoxiclav tablets

Not all patients can be treated with the drug; some diseases not suitable for antibiotic treatment:

For severe liver and kidney diseases and developing failure of these organs, amoxiclav prescribed with caution and under medical supervision.

Associated side effects when taken

Amoxiclav, if it causes unpleasant effects, then they are short-term and do not cause permanent abnormalities in the body:

• on the part of the circulatory system, leukemia of a reversible nature, the formation of blood clots is observed, in isolated cases symptoms of pancytopenia and eosinophilia are observed;
• the digestive system responds with side effects in the form of nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, pain in the abdomen, impaired liver function, in some cases jaundice, hepatitis, colitis occur;
• allergic reactions cause rash, itching, urticaria, in isolated manifestations there is swelling, vasculitis, anaphylactic shock, pustulosis, dermatitis;
• the nervous system responds to the action of the antibiotic with dizziness, sometimes cramping pain in the limbs, high agitation and hyperactivity, sleep disturbance and anxiety;
• on the part of the urinary system, interstitial nephritis develops, symptoms of crystalluria are observed;
• sometimes secondary superinfection develops.

Forms of production and sale of the antibiotic amoxicillin clavunate

Common forms of sale are presented as:

• tablets;
• powder for preparing a solution;
• powder for injections (preparation of solution).

Tablets vary by the number of components contained:

• tablets 375 contain 125 mg of clavulanate and 250 mg of amoxicillin;
• tablets 625 contain 125 mg of clavulanate and 500 mg of amoxicillin;
• 1000 tablets contain 125 mg of clavulanate and 850 mg of amoxicillin.

Powders for solution:

• powders 125 contain 125 mg of antibiotic, 31.2 mg of clavulanate;
• 250 powders contain 250 mg of antibiotic, 62.5 mg of clavulanate:
• powders 400 contain 400 mg of antibiotic and 57 mg of clavulanate.

In powders, sodium citrate, silicon dioxide, sodium saccharinate, citric acid, and flavorings are used as additional components. Powders are prepared according to the instructions, adding the specified amount of liquid and bringing the mixture until all dry particles dissolve.

Powders for injection solution:

• drug 500 contains 500 mg of antibiotic, produced in the form of sodium salt and 100 mg of clavulanic acid;
• drug 1000 consists of 1000 mg of antibiotic and 200 mg of clavulanic acid.

A solution for intravenous administration is prepared by diluting the dry mixture in a special solution for infusion.

Pharmacological action in the body

After using the tablets orally, the active ingredients of the medicine are actively absorbed from the stomach and intestines, regardless of food intake. Both components are absorbed in approximately the same period of time; the largest amount of the drug in the blood is detected an hour after use.

Amoxicillin and clavulanate enter the tissues and fluids of the body, the former accumulates in the liver, prostate, tonsils, muscle tissue, saliva, bronchial mucus, and synovial fluid. The BBB barrier is not overcome by the drug if the meninges are not subject to inflammatory processes, but the placenta does not serve as an obstacle for it and an insignificant amount of the substance can be found in breast milk.

Amoxicillin is not fully involved in metabolic processes, but clavulanic acid is metabolized more intensively. The connection with blood proteins is weak, to a small extent. The drug is excreted from the human body by the kidneys; a very small part of the drug is removed with the contents of the intestines and lung secretions. After an hour and a half, the drug is half eliminated from the body.

How to use amoxiclav?

Children under 12 years of age are not prescribed amoxiclav +. The daily dosage for clavulanate for adults is 600 mg, children take 10 mg per kilogram of body. Amoxicillin is dosed at a daily dose of 6 g for adult patients and 45 mg per kilogram of a child’s body.

For parenteral administration dissolve the dry mixture from a bottle in a special liquid for injections:

• for 600 mg of mixture you need 10 ml of water;
• 1.2 g of mixture will require 20 ml of liquid.

The solution is injected intramuscularly slowly, taking about 4 minutes for a complete infusion; the time of an intravenous drip is about 40 minutes. The resulting ready-made solution cannot be frozen.

Intensity of taking pills

In moderate and mild standard cases, a 375 tablet is prescribed every 8 hours. Sometimes the regimen is changed to taking a 500 tablet every 12 hours. Severe forms of the disease require taking one tablet 500 or 875 every 8 hours every 12 hours. Duration of admission is from 6 to 15 days, this time is determined individually.

Patients suffering from odontogenic infections use the drug according to the system: 1 tablet 250 every 8 hours, or tablet 500 every 12 hours, treatment is carried out for 5-6 days.

If the patient has a concomitant disease in the form of renal or liver failure, then the interval between taking tablets is increased to a day.

Use of suspension for children

For children, the drug is prescribed taking into account their weight and age. Infants up to 3 months old are prescribed 30 mg of medication per kilogram of body (daily dose), which is divided into equal parts and given after the same amount of time. Measuring spoon contains 5 ml of medicine.

After three months, the drug is prescribed at a dose of 25 mg per kilogram of body, the daily dose is divided into two doses. If the infection is not severe, then the medicine is given at 20 mg per kilogram of body, and the dose is divided into three doses.

Severe cases of infectious infection of the body require the use of a medicinal dose of 30 mg per kilogram of the child’s body in two daily intervals.

Using amoxiclav quiktab

The tablet is dissolved in water (half a glass), stirred thoroughly and drunk. If you have to chew the medicine, it is better to do it before eating. Children over 12 years of age and adult patients take tablet 625 several times a day, recommended 2 or 3 times. Severe disease requires replacing the tablet with a stronger one (1000 mg) taken twice a day, but such treatment is not recommended for more than 14 days.

The use of amoxiclav in the treatment of certain diseases

Angina

Adults are given a 325 mg tablet three times a day. If the course of the disease is not complicated, then you can limit yourself to taking one tablet with a break of 12 hours. At the discretion of the doctor, the dose of the medicine can be increased if he sees the need.

For children, treatment is prescribed in the form suspension per spoon (5 ml), and the intervals between doses are prescribed by the doctor, and it is important for the child not to violate the sequence of the chosen therapy. The doctor may increase or decrease the rate.

Sinusitis

To treat the disease, the dosage is 500 tablets three times a day. The duration of treatment depends on the patient’s condition, but the medicine must be taken for at least 5 days.

Is there an overdose?

It can be easily avoided if you follow the norm prescribed by your doctor; this applies to adult patients and pediatric patients. In order not to take extra milligrams, you need to carefully read the instructions and learn how to dilute the solution and suspension. Unpleasant symptoms may manifest themselves if the weight of the prescribed pill is increased or if it is taken much more often. Basic side effects if the dosage is exceeded:

• pain in the peritoneum;
• nausea and vomiting;
• diarrhea, upset stomach and intestines;
• excited state;
• convulsive pain and reflexes in the limbs (in severe cases).

If symptoms of excess dosage have been recently identified, then a deep gastric lavage is performed, then activated charcoal is prescribed depending on body weight. The patient is under the supervision of a doctor. If an overdose causes severe impairment, hemodialysis is indicated.

Mutual combination with other drugs

Undesirable effects may occur when taking amoxiclav in combination with other medications:

• slower absorption of the drug occurs when taken simultaneously with antacids, glucosamine, aminoglycosides;
• absorption of amoxiclav is accelerated when combined with ascorbic acid;
• the concentration of amoxicillin increases in the body in combination with allopurinol, phenylbutazone, diuretics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other drugs that block tubular secretion;
• the combined use of coagulants with amoxiclav leads to an increase in prothombin time, so this combination should be prescribed simultaneously with caution;
• amoxicillin clavulanate increases the toxic effect of methotrexate;
• the drug, when used together with allopurinol, causes exanthema;
• simultaneous use of the drug together with rifampicin makes their action mutually antagonistic and at the same time weakening the effect against bacteria;
• the effectiveness of amoxiclav is reduced by the simultaneous use of macrolides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides and other drugs from the group of bacteriostatic antibiotics;
• the removal of amoxicillin from the body slows down while taking probenecid, which increases its concentration in the body;
• oral contraceptives become less effective under the influence of amoxiclav.

For people with infectious mononucleosis and lymphocytic leukemia, the use of amoxiclav, which contains amoxicillin, which causes skin manifestations, is not recommended erythematous rash.

If patients have a tendency to allergic reactions, then the medication should be prescribed with caution. In the process of taking a significant dosage of the drug, it is necessary to conduct a laboratory test of the functionality of the kidneys and liver. If violations are observed, the norm is reduced or the intervals between doses are made longer.

To negate side effects in the digestive tract and stomach, it is advisable to drink the drug during breakfast, lunch or dinner. False blood glucose levels may be detected when amoxiclav is used in treatment.

There is no information that amoxiclav affects the performance of the driver and work requiring special attention, so it can be taken without taking into account such circumstances. During treatment with the drug you need to drink enough water. When prescribing to children, be sure to take into account all the subtleties associated with age and body weight.

Amoxiclav analogues

There are numerous analogues of the drug for use in treatment; for example, you can choose one cheaper, but with the same effectiveness. The price largely depends on the manufacturer. The list of medications can be extended, but the main ones amoxiclav substitutes The following are represented on the pharmaceutical market:

For example, the drug Augmentin tablets has a lower price; you can also choose from Russian manufacturers, in particular, amoxicillin.